目標取向和能力知覺對運動動機之預測

The Effect of Goal Orientations and Perceived Competence on Sports Motivation

李烱煌(Chiung-Huang Li) ； 季力康(Li-Kang Chi)

《大專體育學刊》 8卷3期 (2006/09) Pp. 65-76

https://doi.org/10.5297/ser.200609_8(3).0005

摘要

目的：考驗目標取向和能力知覺在預測運動動機之主要效果和交互作用效果。方法：研究對象為111名高中男子手球校隊選手，平均年齡為15.59歲，皆自願完成填寫一組測量目標取向、能力知覺、運動動機等問卷。結果：經由多元階層迴歸分析，本研究發現工作取向正向預測內在動機，但負向預測無動機；相對地，自我取向則是正向預測認同調節動機、內射調節動機和外在調節動機。此外，能力知覺正向預測認同調節動機，至於「自我取向×能力知覺」和「自我取向×工作取向」則分別能有效預測外在調節動機和無動機。結論：本研究認為當個體聚焦在能力發展，他就會擁有高自我決定動機；反之，強調能力展現的選手則傾向於擁有高控制動機。高能力知覺會提升高自我取向者的外在調節動機，但卻會貶抑低自我取向者的外在調節動機。不論是高或低自我取向者，他們皆會受到高工作取向的調節效應而展現較低水率的無動機，其中又以低自我取向者所受到的調節效應較強。

關鍵字

成就目標理論 ； 自我決定理論 ； 交互作用

並列摘要

This study examined the main and interactive effects of athletes' goal orientations and perceived competence on sports motivation. One hundred and eleven handball players from eight high school teams of an average age of 5.59 years participated in the study. All the participants were asked to complete a series of questionnaires, which measured personal goal orientations, perceived competence, and sports motivation. A moderated hierarchical regression analyses revealed that task orientation positively predicted intrinsic motivation but negatively predicted amotivation. In contrast, ego orientation positively predicted identified, introjected and external regulation. Perceived competence positively predicted identified regulation. It was found that there were significant interactive effects for ego orientation with perceived competence and for ego orientation with task orientation in predicting external regulation and amotivation, respectively. The results suggest that athletes who focus on development of ability have high self-determined types of motivation, whereas those who focus on demonstration of ability have high controlling types of motivation. For athletes high in perceived competence, the high ego orientation increases, while the low ego orientation attenuates the external regulation. Regardless of high or low levels of ego orientation, the athletes' amotivational levels tend to be downplayed by their high task orientation, which exerts more impact on the low-ego-oriented athletes.

並列關鍵字

achievement goal theory ； self-determination theory ； interaction

參考文獻

林季燕、季力康(2003)。運動動機量表之編製－信度與效度分析。台灣運動心理學報。2，15-32。

Aiken, L. S.,West, S. G.(1996).Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions.Newbury Park, CA:Sage.

Aiken, L. S.,West, S. G.(1996).Multiple regression. Testing and interpreting interactions.Newbury Park:Sage.

Chi, L.,Duda, J. L.(1995).Multi-sample confirmatory factor analysis of the task and ego orientation in sport questionnaire.Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport.66,91-98.

Deci, E. L.,Ryan, R. M.(1985).Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior.New York:Plenum Press.