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WISC-Ⅲ簡式「多重版本-多重樣本-多重方法」之智商估計效度研究

Validities of The WISC-Ⅲ Short Forms Based on a Multi-form /Multi-Sample/Multi-Method Design

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摘要


魏氏兒童智力量表第三版(WISC-Ⅲ)是國內重要的個別化智力測驗工具之一,然而,實務工作者往往因施測時間較長而選擇施測簡式版本。鑒於圍內對於WISC-III 簡式版本之建立及其信效度研究仍然不足,本研究以「多重版本-多重樣本-多重方法」之方式, 針對WISC-Ⅲ簡式版本之智商估計效度進行實證分析。研究包含有五組簡式組合;五組獨立兒童樣本:「WISC-Ⅲ標準化常模樣本,N=1,100」,「智能障礙兒童,n=70」、「自閉症兒童,n=65」、「學障兒童, n=100」、「注意力缺陷過動症兒童,n=22」;與三種智商估計方法:「比例估計法」、「線性轉換法」、「線性迴歸法」。針對上述每一組合,計算「估計智商」和「全量表智商」之相關係數、差異分數基本率、分類決定一致性等統計指標來探討其臨床效度。主要研究發現為:(1)「線性迴歸法」是智商估計誤差最小之方法,雖在計算上稍嫌不便,然其準確度明顯最高,是必要之估計方法;(2)「估計智商」與「全量表智商」之相關係數普遍均高(多數在.90以上),但二分數間卻存有明顯差異,且分類決定一致性百分比亦有差距,故不宜單以相關係數作為簡式版本取決之標準;(3)不同簡式版本在各兒童樣本中所呈現之效度並不一致,建議可對不同組別兒童採用不同簡式版本,以提升估計準確度。而對於一般兒童或一些特殊性尚未確定之兒童,建議使用「詞彙、類同、圖形設計、連環圖系」這組臨床效度表現最佳的組合,唯若實務工作者極度強調簡式版本施測與計分便易性之重要, 則可考慮「類同、算術、圖形設計、圖畫補充」這一組整體表現稍差,但仍達一定水準之組合。惟,簡式版本仍遠不如完整版本之量表,不但在估計智商時會有誤差存在,且對於受測者的認知能力了解有限,只適合在非不得已時用於初步之篩選,不宜做為正式之診斷,因此當需使用簡式版本時,對於測驗結果之解釋應用應審慎小心,方能避免對受試兒童造成不利影響。

並列摘要


The Wechsler Intelligence Scale, Third Edition (WISC-III) is one of the most important individualized IQ test in Taiwan. However, its' long testing time has been a bothersome factor. Study with「Multi-Form/ Multi-Sample/Multi-Method」 design was conducted to investigate the clinical validities for possible short form solutions. A total of 5 short forms, 5 groups of independent samples, and 3 different statistic methods were combined. For each combination, the correlation between estimated IQ and the full scaled IQ (FSIQ); the base rate of the difference between the estimated IQ and the FSIQ; and the accuracy for classification were all calculated. Major findings were: (1) linear regression is the best among all three statistic methods, which shows the best accuracy in FSIQ estimation; (2) The correlations between estimated IQ and the FSIQ are high for almost all combinations (majority are in the .90s), however, large difference does exist between those two scores. Decisions for short form selection thus could not be made based on the correlation coefficient only. (3) The performance of each short forms varies among different children samples, in order to ensure the accuracy for FSIQ estimation, it was suggested that different short form could be used for different clinical sample in the future. However, at this moment,「Vocabulary、Similarity 、Block Design、Picture Arrangement」 is the best choice for groups with high heterogeneity. The combination of「 Similarity、Arithmetic、Block Deign、Picture Completion」 could also be considered while the scoring convenience become the top consideration. Nonetheless, practitioners have to realize that there are no perfect short forms, error does exist whenever a short form was used to estimate FSIQ. Thus, in order not to hurt the child being tested, short form should be used and explained in an extremely careful manner.

並列關鍵字

WISC-III Short Form Validity Taiwan Norm Clinical Samples

參考文獻


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