高中績優柔道教練訓練行為之個案研究－以臺北市某高中柔道隊對摔訓練為例

A Case Study on the Coaching Behavior for High School Judo Students' Outstanding Performance-A Preliminary Investigation on 'Randori' Training

王冠文(Kuan-Wen Wang) ； 掌慶維(Ching-Wei Chang)

《輔仁大學體育學刊》 11期 (2012/05) Pp. 152-166

https://doi.org/10.29697/JPE.201205.0010

摘要

本研究目的針對高中績優柔道教練訓練行為之個案研究，除了分析對摔訓練的內容與型態外，並探討教練行為的認知過程。本研究採用亞利桑那州立大學觀察工具（ASUOI）修改版的14個行為類目，期間對研究參與者進行三次的觀察錄影，並利用ASUOI以時間區間反覆觀察法分析，事後再輔以刺激回憶的質性訪談。研究參與者為台北市某高中柔道教練，在所有的行為分析，非指導行為56.37%，高於指導行為43.62%，主因在於柔道訓練的過程中，教練不能夠一直給予指導行為，否則會干擾選手自我體驗與提升的機會。在非指導行為中，以催促17.9%跟靜默22.6%最多，此結果與在對摔練習中，教練首要觀察選手對摔的動向，在選手做出正確攻擊時再給予催促，加強實戰中的積極度，加深動作與策略的正確性。在指導行為方面，以當場指導31.6%與正面示範18.9%為最高，此結果是源自於對摔過程裡，教練須在選手模擬情境中適時的給予指導，而正面示範是在每場次中與休息時間時，給予選手個別動作示範，使選手可以在休息時馬上更正動作，並使用於下一場的練習。對摔的情境中，「當場指導、催促、靜默」是教練最常用的三種行為。而在對摔訓練中，讚美多於責備，是因為讚美最能激發選手練習鬥志提升訓練效能，需賞罰分明，考驗著教練的智慧。

關鍵字

柔道訓練 ； 教練行為 ； 系統觀察 ； ASUOI

並列摘要

At present, the overall national team's Judo contest performance is still far below than those in Japan, Korea, Mainland China, Magnolia since it has to do with the training environment, players' body figure and living standard in Taiwan's context. With different contexts, coaching behavior is perceived to play an influential role in the outcome of Judo student's, performance during the contest. Lo (2007) indicates that it is of great importance to use effective strategies during the contest by enhancing Judo players' randori training on Tachi-zawa (standing techniques) in the practice sessions, perceptions on competitors' body figure types as well as familiarities with Katame-waza (grappling techniques) and Atemi-waza (Striking techniques). He (Lo, 2007) also proposes that coaches' responsibilities are not limited to training but the enhancement of Judo players' professional knowledge in an efficient way. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the coaching behavior has an impact on high school Judo students' outstanding performance at the Judo contest. Using the fourteen behavioral categories by ASUOI observation instrument of the Arizona State University, the study conducts a qualitative analysis on 'Rantori' training contents and patterns and investigates the cognitive process of high school Judo coaching behavior in a selected high school Judo team in the Taipei city. Key major findings include the overall comparison of coaching behavior, in which non-coaching behavior is higher than coaching behavior-56.37% and 43.62% respectively. The study suggests that Judo players' self-reflection and self-esteem promotion may be interfere with their coaches' constant, continuous guidance in the process of Judo skills practices. In addition, hustle (17.9%) and silence (22.6%) are the most frequently used among the observed non-coaching behavior. On the other hand, concurrent-instruction (31.6%) and positive-modeling (18.9%) account for the top two highest coaching behavior. The study concludes that in the context of 'Randori' training, concurrent-instruction, silence and hustle are the three frequently used coaching behavior. It is therefore suggested in this study that high-level Judo contest performers should accept stricter and high-level training, i.e. scolding more than praise and they should always situate themselves in the readiness state of mind all the time. Due to a limited number of research studies on the effectiveness of 'Randori' training by Judo coaches, this study tends to contribute to knowledge with special reference to the future development of Judo coach training and Jubo teacher education.

並列關鍵字

Judo Randori training coaching behavior ； systematic observation ； ASUOI

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