The purpose of this article is to utilize the Republic of China Yearbook of Education and curriculum standards, combined with the literature, and with the description of the time background, to learn about the trends of science curriculum reform, and development of science education. Review of science curriculum reforms reflected the content and characteristics of curriculum standards changed over time. The objectives of curriculum changed from empowering economic status and builting up military power to interaction human and the natural environment, and curriculum design also changed from training of scientists to cultivate scientific literacy. In addition to understanding of curriculum development over the past century, this review of the development of science curriculum helped us understand the context and content of curriculum development and shed light of the direction of science education.