鄉村發展的後現代意涵

The Postmodern Implication for Rurul Development

蔡必焜(Pi-Kun Tsai)

《農業推廣學報》 18期 (2001/12) Pp. 123-137

摘要

現代性的作用以及全球化現象是近年來許多社會學者探討的重要議題。本文從「對話」和「融合J 觀點, 將後現代性視為對現代性的極限、風險和陰暗面的自我質疑和反思，並從「全球」和「在地」相互滲透的觀點審視鄉村發展。本文首先探討了現代性的社會形貌及其鄉村發展意涵，從「城鄉二元論」、「誰的發展」以及「由誰決定」三方面分析現代性相關的現代化理論鄉村發展觀。接著論述後現代性的社會形貌及其鄉村發展意涵，從反身性概念探討從現代化鄉村發展觀到反身現代化鄉村發展觀的轉折，包括從工具理性到學習型理性,從社會排擠到社會包容以及從成長到永續等，並由不同層面比較現代化和反身現代化鄉村發展觀的特徵。結語指出在反身現代化理論觀點下，鄉村社會能不斷學習和自我調整，能反思並修正其制度，解決現代化進程不斷產生的風險和不良後果，而具有反身性的鄉村社區組織正是培養這種反思力的反身性行動者。

關鍵字

反身現代化 ； 永續發展 ； 社會排擠 ； 後現代性 ； 現代性

並列摘要

The issues about modernity and phenomenon of globalization important subjects explored by sociologists in these years. The thesis regards postmodernity as the self-confrontation and reflection on the limit, risk and dark side of modernity based on the perspective of ”dialogue” and ”fusion” and it investigates rural development from the viewpoint of ”global-local penetration”.
Firstly, it discusses the social formations of modernity and its implication for rural developments perspective is modernization theory , we explore it on three dimensions, they are ”urban-rural distinction”, ”development for whom? ” and” Who decides?” Secondly, the social formations of postmodernity and its implications for rural development is mentioned, the ”turning” from modernization rural development to reflexive modernization rural development is explored based on the concept of reflexivity. It compares the different characteristics of modernization and reflexive modernization perspective of rural development, including ”from instrumental rationality to learning rationality” ,”from social exclusion to social inclusion,” and ”from growth to sustainability”. The conclusion indicates that in the reflexive modernization and reorienting its institutions and in the last diminishing the latent side effects of rural modernization. The reflexive community organizations should play the roles of reflexive practitioners to empower the rural people.

並列關鍵字

modernity ； postmodernity ； reflexive modernization ； social exclusion ； sustainable development