青年農民留農選擇之研究

Choice for Retention on Farming: An Empirical Study of Young Farmers in Taiwan

王儀真(Yi-Chen Wang) ； 陳美芬(Mei-Fen Chen) ； 方珍玲(Chen-Ling Fang) ； 王俊豪(Jiun-Hao Wang)

《農業推廣學報》 28期 (2011/07) Pp. 53-67

https://doi.org/10.29788/RAES.201107.0003

摘要

台灣農業部門自1960年代即面臨農業勞動力持續外移的困境，而前人對農業經營意願的研究，多著重在離農意願及其影響因素之探討，較少涉及青年農民堅持務農的意向與行為之議題。本研究從職業選擇的理論出發，認為青年農民的留農選擇，不僅是其社會人口特質的決定過程，同時也是個人與農業職場環境互動後之結果。基此，本研究擬從青年農民的工作價值觀、工作投入與工作滿意度著手，釐清青年農民是否選擇農業職業生涯的決策機制。本研究資料使用2007年農委會的「農業外移入及回流青年農民農業經營之輔導策略研究」之調查資料，45歲以下青年農民的有效樣本共計263份。其中，回流農業的青年農民167人，而農業外移入者則有96人。由於留農選擇主要以青年農是否會繼續從農或是已考慮離農作為反應變數，故採取二元邏輯迴歸模型作為統計分析方法。整體而言，本研究重要發現：有留農意願者的社會人口特質，其教育程度較低、多為農業外移入者、家人較支持農業職業，受訪者對農業職業則有較高的滿意度和工作認同感。進言之，家人支持的程度愈高，青年農民的留農意願愈堅定；農業外移入的青年農民，相較於返鄉務農的回流農民，其繼續留農的可能性較高；工具性工作價值觀中的組織安全與互動面向，對於繼續務農的決策有負面的影響效果；受訪者對於農業工作本身的認同度愈高，其未來的留農意願也愈強；相同的，工作滿意度越高的青年農民，其選擇離農轉業的可能性也越低。

關鍵字

留農 ； 工作價值觀 ； 工作滿意 ； 工作投入

並列摘要

The agricultural sector has encountered great difficulties in out-migration of young laborforce in Taiwan since 1960s. Most of previous studies emphasized the association between psychological factors and farm exit behavior of young farmers. However, little attention being paid to those who were willing to continue their farming career. The main purpose of this study is to explore vocational choice for retention on farm of young farmers in Taiwan. The principal determinants of farming choice included work value, job satisfactions, and job involvemen of young farmers.Our study used a survey data of 263 young farmers conducted by the Council of Agriculture in 2007. We employed a binary logistic regression to estimate the likelihood of willingness to continue farming career of young farmers. Several research findings may be noted. First, education level, previous farm expeience, and family support were found to be significantly associated with the vocational choice for staying or exiting farm. Results indicate that those who with higher farm job satisfaction and job identity with farm activities are more likely to continue their farming careers. However, focusing on instrumental work value, those who concerned about organizational safety and interaction more strongly have fewer tendencies to stay on farming career. Moreover, camparing with newly in-migrated young farmers, the return-migrated youths are more likely tend to exit farming career.

並列關鍵字

retention on farm ； work value ； job satisfactions ； job involvement