屏東市國民中學校園內草本植物調查與分析

Investigation and Analysis of Herbaceous Plants on Junior High School Campuses of Pingtung City

蘇明洲(Ming-Chou Su) ； 高慧蓮(Huey-Lien Kao)

《國立臺灣大學生物資源暨農學院實驗林研究報告》 19卷3期 (2005/09) Pp. 187-205

https://doi.org/10.6542/EFNTU.200509_19(3).0002

摘要

經調查結果得知屏東市國民中學校園內草本植物共50科146屬182種，其中雙子紫植物128種（野生92種；栽種36種），單子葉植物54種（野生31種；栽種23種）。校園草本植物的種數約三分之二是野生，三分之一是栽種的；野生的草本植物中，沒有特有種，都是原生種與歸化種，且歸化種所佔的比率相當高，此顯示特有種很難在市區校園內生長；而歸化種在校園內佔有很大的優勢；栽種的種類大都是外來的栽培種多供觀賞及綠化用，只有2種是原生種，此顯示原生種被利用拿來人工種植當園藝作物美化環境的不多。各校野生的種類中以大同國中種數最多，公正國中最少，此與校地面積大小、校園管理方式及地面空地有關。依植物在各校出現頻率選出屏東市國民中學校園野生最常見的雙子葉草本植物為：一枝香、千根草、大花咸豐草、小牙草、小花蔓澤蘭、小葉冷水麻、小還塊、平伏莖白花菜、伙毛天芹菜、印度鐵筧、昭和草、飛揚草、野甘草、野筒蒿、紫背草、紫斑大戟、黃鵪菜、酢醬草、藍豬耳、繳花龍吐珠、霧水葛、鱧腸。單子葉草本植物則為：小馬唐、牛筋草、地毯草、芒稷、兩耳草、孟仁草、狗牙根、單穗水蜈蚣、鯽魚草等。

關鍵字

屏東市 ； 校園植物 ； 草本植物 ； 原生種 ； 栽培種

並列摘要

This investigation found 182 species on the campuses of junior high schools of Pingtung city, of which belong to 146 genera and 50 families respectively. One hundred and twenty eight species were dicotyledonous plants, of which 92 species are wild and 36 species cultivated. The other 54 species were monocotyledonous plants, including 31 wild species and 23 cultivated species. There was no endemic species, all found were native and naturalized species, indicating endemic species have difficulty to occupy urban regions. The dominance of naturalized species on the campuses indicates that they fit disturbed environments well. Among the cultivated plants, there were only two native species that have beautiful flowers and other attractive characters. the number of wild species species was highest on campus of Tatung junior high school and lowest on the campus of Gung-jeng junior high school. We suggest number of species is correlated with campus size, management of campus garden, and area of open ground. The common wild dicotyledon herbaceous species found on the campuses of junior high schools of Pingtung city includes Vernonia cinerea, Chamaesyce thymfolia, Bidens pilosa var. radiata, Dentella repens, Mikania micrantha, Pilea. microphylla, Phyllanthus amarus, Cleome rutidosperma, Heliotropium procumbens var. depressum, Acalypha indica, Crassocephalum crepidioides, Chamaesyce hirta, Scoparia dulcis, Conyza sumatrensis, Emilia sonchfolia var. javanica, Chamaesyce hyssopifolia, Youngia japonica subsp. Japonica, Oxalis corniculata, Lindernia crustacea, Hedyotis corymbosa, Pouzolzia zeylanica, and Eclipta prostrata. The common wild monocotyledon herbaceous species included Digitaria radicosa var. reticosa, Eleusine indica, Axonopus compressus, Echinochloa colona, Paspalum conjugatum, Chloris barbata, Cynodon dactylon, Kyllinga memoralis, and Eragrostis amabilis.

並列關鍵字

Pingtung city ； campus plants ； herbaceous plants ； native species ； cultivated species