應用空間離散指標探討農村聚落類型之研究

Types of Rural Communities Using Spatial Dispersion Index

林昭遠(Chao-Yuan Lin) ； 陳盈蓁(Ying-Jhen Chen) ； 鄭旭涵(Hsu-Han Cheng)

《中華水土保持學報》 41卷1期 (2010/03) Pp. 79-94

https://doi.org/10.29417/JCSWC.201003_41(1).0006

摘要

農村文化與生活型態隨著人口產業外移而式微，近年來隨著農村再生之推動，喚醒了大家對農村發展的重視。農村既有建物、植被等之空間分布影響著未來環境營造之良窳，例如汙染之排放；與散村對照，集村之環境負荷量大，需有較大之綠環境營造區位加以緩衝。因此，如何量化評估農村建物、植被集散程度，提供農村綠地需求指標，乃農村規劃重要課題之一。本研究利用國土測繪中心之土地利用圖資，以空間離散指標(Spatial Dispersion Index, SDI)估算全台各縣市農村建物及12個農村聚落之建物與植被等空間分布之離散度，並針對12個農村聚落空間離散程度之異同加以分析探討。以縣市尺度探討農村建物離散程度而言，北部地區（宜蘭縣除外）之SDI值較高，東部次之，較低爲南部地區，即北部農村建物多呈現離散，南部則相對聚集。各縣市建物與其縣市之形心距離，以彰化縣最小，顯示彰化縣之農村建物多分布於縣境中心。而12個供試之農村聚落中以無米樂、平和社區二者聚落類型最相近，屬環境負荷量大之集村，又由於該社區多以草本植被所占面積較廣，綠環境區位植被之穩定性不高，有必要加以營造改進。

關鍵字

空間離散指標 ； 農村 ； 土地利用

並列摘要

Culture and life style are gradually vanishing due to the immigration of population and industry in the most rural communities. However, people are awaked to pay more attention on the rural development accompanying the promotion of revitalization in rural community. Spatial distribution of existing rural buildings affects whether success or not in environmental construction. Contagion type shows more environmental carrying capacity in pollution drainage compare to dispersion one and should have the larger green belts to buffer with. Hence, how to quantify and estimate the spatial distribution of rural building and/or vegetation is an important issue for providing the index of green field demand. Coverage of land use derived from Land Use Investigation of Taiwan is employed in this study to extract the spatial dispersion index (SDI) of rural buildings and vegetation. A detail discussion is focusing on the selected twelve rural communities to depict the similarity of the communities using SDI classifier, Results show that counties in Northern Taiwan except Yilan County having the higher SDI value, follows the counties in Eastern Taiwan and those in Southern Taiwan with lower SDI. In other words, Northern counties show dispersion distribution while southern counties contagious. In comparison the distance of centroid between buildings and the respective study area, Changhua County has the shortest length. It shows that rural buildings are mostly located at the center of Changhua County. Wumile and Pingho show much similar community pattern which belongs to contagion type with more environmental carrying capacity, and the vegetation is mostly occupied by the grassland. There is a need to improve the green environment due to unstable vegetation type in the both communities.

並列關鍵字

Spatial Dispersion Index ； rural community ； land use