歷史學的課題：可能之事

Theme of Historiography: Something Possible

呂和應(He-Ying Lv)

《思與言：人文與社會科學期刊》 44卷2期 (2006/06) Pp. 1-24

https://doi.org/10.6431/TWJHSS.200606.0001

摘要

在實際的歷史寫作中，部分歷史學家運用反事實的方法，探究歷史上的可能之事。無獨有偶，海德格爾的主張也與此相似，他認為歷史學的主要課題不是特殊的個體事件，也不是超乎個體事件的普遍規律，而是曾在的生存可能性。這兩種觀點不是為了探究歷史上不曾發生過的事態，而是借此重新規定歷史學的題材、性質和寫作方式。但是，反事實研究所謂的可能性主要是指現成事物的偶或可能性，而海德格爾所謂的生存論上的可能性則是指此在的某種生存方式，兩種可能性有著根本區別。

關鍵字

反事實 ； 可能性 ； 存在論 ； 此在

並列摘要

In historical practice, some historians apply counterfactual method to inquire something possible in history. M.Heidegger also had a similar idea. He said, the theme of historiography is neither that which has happened just once for all nor something universal that floats above it, but the possibility which has been factically existent. These two points are not to inquire something which hasn't happened but to reset the subject-matter, quality and method of historical writing. However, it is very different between the possibility of counterfactual studies which is contingency of something present-at-hand and the possibility as an existentiale which is existentially possibility of Dasein.

並列關鍵字

counterfactuals ； possibility ； ontology ； Dasein

參考文獻

Aviezer Tucker(1999).Historiographical Counterfactuals and Historical Contingency.History and Theory.38,264-276.

Johannes Bulhof(1999).What if? Modality and History.History and Theory.38,145-168.

Murphy(1969).on Counterfactual Proposition.History and Theory.9,14-38.

丹尼爾‧佛格森、丁進(2001)。未曾發生的歷史(Virtual History: Alternatives and Counterfactuals)。江蘇人民出版社。

何兆武(2001)。歷史理性批判論集。北京:清華大學出版社。