中共改革漢字漢語之運動

The Evolution of Simplified Chinese Characters in People's Republic of China

劉勝驥(Sun-Chi Liu)

《國立政治大學歷史學報》 18期 (2001/05) Pp. 131-166

https://doi.org/10.30383/TJH.200105_(18).0004

摘要

中國大陸在中共建國以後，語言文字面貌起了革命性變化，中共所謂的文字改革，其實是推廣普通話、漢語拼音、漢字簡化三大運動。普通話是選定北京話作為漢民族共同語言、漢語拼音是選定北京話為漢語用拉丁字母拼音漢語、漢字簡化是簡化漢字筆劃和減少漢字字數。本研究按照編年順序來蒐集中共領袖言論、法令規章、政策宣布和相關研究論著；對於材料的選擇和詮釋，則初期以共產主義的文化政策為解釋重心，即列寧、斯大林、毛澤東的漢字拉丁化運動。後期則轉向重視中國大陸的國家利益，漢字拉丁化叫停，轉向有限度的漢字簡化運動。這三大運動有一個推動的主軸即「中國文字改革委員會」，其核心人物為吳玉章，本文繞著他們發展，前後呼應，使文章不至於呆板枯燥。漢字拉丁化不適合中國文字和中華文化的特質，也是蘇聯共產黨的國際政治陰謀，雖然此議已熄，本文仍搜集證據予以披露。不過漢語拼音已為大陸和聯合國採行翻譯中國人名和地名，考慮與國際接軌，台灣應贊同此國際化重於本土化的立場，畢竟公司名稱英譯向外接單、街道路牌、護照譯名都要合乎國際規範，得到外國認同才有效。最後本文提議兩岸學校「識繁書簡」，大陸學生看懂繁體字，以接受中國傳統文化遺產；台灣學生看懂簡化字，才能和大陸進行文化和商業的往來。

關鍵字

中國文字改革 ； 推廣普通話 ； 漢語拼音 ； 漢字簡化

並列摘要

After Chinese communist established the regime, the language in character aspect has a revolutionary reform. The definition of so-called character reform in communist China is actually a combination of three major movements in Mandarin promotion, Han-dialect spelling, and simplified Han-characters. Mandarin derived from Beijing dialect is the common language for Han ethnic. Han-dialect spelling is using Latin letter of alphabets to spell Han-dialect, which is Mandarin. Simplified Han-character is to simplify the Han calligraphy and cut down the number of Han characters. This research is based on chronological collection of Chinese leader's statements, ordinances and regulations, policy statements and relevant publications. on material selection and annotation, at first the focus was on the communism culture policies such as Lenin, Stalin, Mao Tze-Ton's Latinate movement of Han characters and latter on the attention switched to the national benefit in Mainland China. Latinate Han character was terminated and turned into limited simplification of Han characters. The main motivation axis behind these three movements is The Chinese Character Reformation Committee. The key person in this committee is Wu Yu-Chang. This article is a history record of their development, it calls for each other and is a vivid paper. Latinize Han character is inadequate to the spirit of Chinese character and Chinese culture, it is also a treason from international politic conspiracy, although the argument of such statement already vanished, this article still collect evidence and elaborate on it. However, with the fact that Mainland China and United Nation already apply Han-dialect spelling on the interpretation of Chinese names, it is for the benefit of staying on the global tract that Taipei city mayor Ma Yin-Chu and Minister of Education Tzen Chi-Lung also advocate Han-dialect spelling. Taiwan should endorse its international position rather than confined in domestic view. After all, company names in English version to facilitate export, street names and passport in English version etc all required to meet international norm and receive international validation. At last this article recommend the schools across the strait to read traditional characters and write simplified characters. Students in Mainland China can read traditional characters, and take the heritage of traditional Chinese culture. Students in Taiwan can read simplified characters and engage culture and business transactions with Mainland China.

並列關鍵字

Reformation of Chinese characters ； Mandarin promotion ； Han dialect spelling ； Simplified Han characters.