Cardio Protective Effects of Lumbrokinase and Dilong on Second-Hand Smoke-Induced Apoptotic Signaling in the Heart of a Rat Model

Hung-En Liao ； Chao-Hung Lai ； Tsung-Jung Ho ； Yu-Lan Yeh ； Gwo-Ping Jong ； Wu-Hsien Kuo ； Li-Chin Chung ； Pei-ying Pai ； Su-Ying Wen ； Chih-Yang Huang

《The Chinese Journal of Physiology》 58卷3期 (2015/06) Pp. 188-196

https://doi.org/10.4077/CJP.2015.BAD277

並列摘要

Exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke (SHS) has been epidemiologically linked to heart disease among non-smokers. However, the molecular mechanism behind SHS-induced cardiac disease is not well known. This study found that SD rats exposed to cigarette smoke at a dose of 10 cigarettes for 30 min twice a day for 1 month had a reduced left ventricle-to-tibia length ratio (mg/mm), increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis by TUNEL assay and a wider interstitial space by H&E staining. However, lumbrokinase and dilong both reversed the effects of SHS. Western blotting demonstrated significantly increased expression of the pro-apoptotic protein caspase-3 in the hearts of the rats exposed to SHS. Elevated protein expression levels of Fas, FADD and the apoptotic initiator activated caspase-8, a molecule in the death-receptor-dependent pathway, coupled with increased t-Bid and apoptotic initiator activated caspase-9 were found. Molecules in the mitochondria-dependent pathway, which disrupts mitochondrial membrane potential, were also found in rats exposed to SHS. These factors indicate myocardial apoptosis. However, treatment with lumbrokinase and dilong inhibited SHS-induced apop tosis. Regarding regulation of the survival pathway, we found in western blot analysis that cardiac protein expression of pAkt, Bcl2, and Bcl-xL was significantly down-regulated in rats exposed to SHS. These effects were reversed with lumbrokinase and dilong treatment. The effects of SHS on cardiomyocytes were also found to be mediated by the Fas death receptor-dependent apoptotic pathway, an unbalanced mitochondria membrane potential and decreased survival signaling. However, treatment with both lumbrokinase and dilong inhibited the effects of SHS. Our data suggest that lumbrokinase and dilong may prevent heart disease in SHS-exposed non-smokers.

並列關鍵字

cardiac survival signaling ； caspases ； death-receptor

參考文獻

Tsai, C.W.,Ho, C.Y.,Shih, L.C.,Ying, T.H.,Hsieh, Y.H.,Chen, Y.C.,Chang, W.S.,Huang, C.Y.,Pan, S.B.,Shui, H.A.,Chen, C.P.,Wang, P.S.,Bau, D.T.(2013).The joint effect of hOGG1 genotype and smoking habit on endometriosis in Taiwan.Chinese J. Physiol..56,263-268.

Kiang, J.G.,Tsen, K.T.(2006).Biology of hypoxia.Chinese J. Physiol..49,223-233.

Baud, F.J.,Barriot, P.,Toffis, V.,Riou, B.,Vicaut, E.,Lecarpentier, Y.,Bourdon, R.,Astier, A.,Bismuth, C.(1991).Elevated blood cyanide concentrations in victims of smoke inhalation.N. Engl. J. Med..325,1761-1766.

Brønnum-Hansen, H.(2000).Predicted effect of smoking cessation of tobacco-related mortality.Ugeskr. Laeger.162,5772-5777.

Campbell, R.A.,Bhat-Nakshatri, P.,Patel, N.M.,Constantinidou, D.,Ali, S.,Nakshatri, H.(2001).Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKTmediated activation of estrogen receptor α a new model for antiestrogen resistance.J. Biol. Chem..276,9817-9824.