A recently discovered unpublished manuscript on Taiwania cryptomerioides (Cupressaceae) written by John Theodore Buchholz (1888-1951), probably in 1941, is published with 25 added notes, plus a recently discovered unpublished diagram entitled ”Phylogeny of conifers. J. T. Buchholz-1941.” The manuscript and diagram are important in expanding our understanding of the research and interpretations of this renowned worker on the anatomy, morphology (especially embryology), and systematics of gymnosperms.