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  • 期刊

水稻地區性與期作性產量及生理性狀之主成分分析與品種分類

Principal Component Analysis and Variety Classification in Relation to Regional and Seasonal Differences in Grain Yield and Physiolgical Characteristics in Rice

摘要


水稻秈稉型各15個品種種植於臺北及臺中地區,以產量,產量構成要素及生理性狀等14個性狀進行主成分分析法,作有關性狀之歸類成幾個主成分。試驗之目的,利用主成分分析法,探討主成分之生物學的意義,並把品種區分爲品種群,以便選拔育種材料,增進品種改良的效果。 各主成分之生物學的意義歸納如下: 第1主成分:有關同化及轉流之乾物質生產文章之主成分,固有值(Eigen value)皆大於33%,對於所有品種之特性具有重要之變異成分。 第2主成分:關於劍葉長度,劍葉角度之葉片構造及結實率,直立型之葉片有利於光之照射及乾物質生產利用效率,因此對產量具有重要之決定性。 第3主成分:有關1株穗數及1穗穎花數大小之主成分,即1株穗數多而1穗穎花數少之品種,另外爲1株穗數少而1穗穎花數多之品種。 第4主成分:這主成分與葉片之氮素濃度有關,但其生物學意義之解釋還困難。 由第1及第2主成分之特性(生理性狀,產量及產量構成要素)作品種分類,稉型品種不論地區及期作區分爲6個品種群。而秈型品種,臺北地區兩期作皆爲7個品種群,臺中地區第1及第2期作各分爲4與6個品種群。這顯示水稻品種群之分佈因地區、期作及秈稉型而有差異。 另外臺農67號、臺東29號、臺中秈10號及嘉農秈11號爲高產品種,並且在大部份情況下屬於相同品種群。這些品種具有較大的作物生長速率(CGR)、葉面積持續期(LAD)積及總乾物重。

並列摘要


Fifteen varieties each of Japonica and Indica rice were cultivated in Taipei and Taichung Areas for principal component analysis of 14 characters including yield, yield components and related physiological characters. Biological meanings of the extracted principal components and the classification of varieties based on principal component axes were discussed in relation to plant breeding. The biological meaning of the first principal component appeared to correspond to the efficiencies of dry matter production and translocation in rice plant. Eigen values of the first principal component were over 33% which contributed significantly to the variation of all 14 characters studied. In the case of the second princpal component, the characters concerned were the angle and lehgth of flag leaf and the percentage of ripened grain. The biological meaning of the second principal component appeared to correspond to the geometric strusture of leaves. This vertical character determined the degree of light penetration and the efficiency of utilizing light energy for dry matter production by the plant, and was therefore important in determining grain yield. The third principal component was related to panicle number per plant and spikelet number per panicle. The two characters were inversely correlated to each other, and two categories of rice varieties were thus classified. The fourth principal component corresponded to nitrogen concentration in the leaf blade. However, its biological meaning to grain yield was difficult to be explained. Classification of rice varieties was made based on the performances of the first and second principal components of characters including grain yield, yield components, and related physiological characters. Six groups of Japonica varieties were thus obtained regardless of location and crop seasons. For Indica varieties, seven groups were classified in both crop seasons in Taipei, while four and six groups were obtained in Taichung in the first and secnod crop seasons, respectively. The results suggested that significant variation in group distribution among rice varieties due to location, crop season and rice type. Furthermore, the results showed that varieties Tainung 67, Taitung 29, Taichung Sen 10 and Chianung Sen 11 were high-yielding varieties possessed higher CGR, LAD and total dry weight.

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