不同播種期對有限型及無限型大豆生育與產量的影響

Planting Date Effects on the Growth and Yield of Determinate and Indeterminate Soybeans

黃惠娟(Huey-Jiuan Huang) ； 曹文隆(Wen-Long Tsaur)

《中華農業研究》 43卷4期 (1994/12) Pp. 373-380

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.199412.0003

摘要

本研究以十個有限型及無限型的臺灣大豆栽培品種（系）為材料，於1992年春作分三個時期（一月中旬、一月下旬及二月中旬）種植，進行播種期試驗，探討對植株農藝與產量性狀的影響。變方分析結果顯示兩種型態大豆品種之產量、營養生長日數、生殖生長日數、成熟期株高、營養生長（開花）期株高、有限型品種之生殖生長期間株高伸長長度、百粒重、有限型品種之節間長度及無限型品種之主莖莢數等性狀均受播種期之顯著影響，其餘產量性狀所受的影響則不顯著。較晚播種時，大豆各生育期日數的減少及生長程度的減緩，以有限型品種所受的影響較大；產量則以無限型品種的降幅較大，平均為32.15%，有限型品種則為18.85%。無限型品種晚播30日之減產幅度為32.55%，晚播15日處理為18.45%，主要原因在於晚播大豆的營養生長期縮短，可能致使供源能力降低，加上生殖生長期間亦縮短，且營養器官之生長與子粒充實同時進行，進而影響產量表現。本試驗結果建議在本省中部地區栽培大豆時，以一月中旬播種為宜，如無法適時栽培，則宜慎選對播種時間適應性較廣的品種，以期獲得較穩定的收量。

關鍵字

大豆 ； 播種期 ； 有限型 ； 無限型 ； 產量

並列摘要

This study was conducted in the spring crop season of 1992 to investigate the effect of planting date (mid-January, late January, and mid-February) on the development and yield of 10 determinate and indeterminate soybean cultivars. Combined analysis of variance indicated significant planting date effects on the following characters: grain yield, vegetative and reproductive growth duration, plant height at initial blooming and maturity, 100 seed weight, plant elongation during reproductive growth and average internode length for determinate cultivars, and pod number on main stem for indetrminate cultivars. The other yield characters were not affected significantly by planting date. In the case of late planting, yield decrease of the indeterminate cultivars (32.15%) was more prominent than that of the determinate cultivars (18.85%). With a delay of planting by 15 and 30 days, the yield of indeterminate cultivars decreased 18.45 % and 32.55%, respectively. The main reasons were the shortening of vegetative which might reduce the growth of leaves and stems and hence the source ability. Furthermore, the simultaneous growth of vegtative organs and seeds during the reproductive growth period tended to affect the yield performance of the indeterminate cultivars. The proper time of planting soybeans in central Taiwan is suggested to be mid-January. If late-planting is inevitable, the selection of cultivars less sensitive to environ mental impacts is strongly recommended.

並列關鍵字

Soybean ； Planting Date ； Determinate type ； Indetermingate type ； Yield