灌水深度對芡實農藝性狀、產量及品質之影響

本研究以芡實為材料，利用四種不同灌水深度之缽植方式栽培芡實，以探討灌水深度對芡實生長習性、產量及品質之影響，及改進芡實之栽培技術。試驗結果顯示，不同灌水深度對芡實各項農藝性狀之影響很大，在不同水深中以45cm之芡實各項農藝性狀之表現較佳，其柄長、葉長、葉寬、根長、根數、與全株鮮重之表現值甚高，且有最大之全株乾重，達11g/plant。所有與產量有關之性狀如艾實鮮重與乾重、百粒重、粒長、粒寬、粒數、乾殼重及乾仁重等之表現，均會隨著灌水深度之不同而有差異，四種水深中以45及60cm之芡實各項產量性狀之表現最佳，且皆顯著優於15及30cm處理者。在芡實之一般成分含量中，粗蛋白質及灰分受不同灌水深度之影響很大，除了灰分之外，芡實在45cm水深中各項一般成分之表現甚佳，其蛋白質含量高達13.6%。而P、K、Ca、Mg及Cu之含量在不同灌水深度下，亦有顯著或極顯著之差異表現，一般以較淺之15及30cm水深中各項礦物元素含量之表現較佳，惟除了Mg之外，芡實在45cm水深中11項礦物元素含量之表現，與較淺之15或30cm水深者之差異不大，且大致皆較60cm略高。由上述兩年之試驗結果可知，45cm之灌水深度似為栽培芡實之適當水深深度。此外，由芡實農藝性狀與產量性狀間之相關分析結果得知，除葉數與百粒重呈顯著負相關外，各農藝性狀之間大致都呈正相關，即柄愈茁壯，葉愈茂盛，根愈強健，全株之鮮重也愈大；各產量性狀間亦呈顯著正相關關係，即芡實愈大粒，粒數將較多，且愈重。

關鍵字

芡實；水深；農藝性狀，產量；品質

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to develop a proper watering cultivation method for production and quality improvement of Euryale ferox Salisbury through evaluation of four watering depths in the cultivated plastic boxes. Experimental results showed that highly significant or significant effect of different watering depths was recorded on the agronomic characters and yield traits of Euryale ferox. Among the four watering depths, plants grown in the 45cm showed a superior performance by its better characteristics, yield and higher content of crude protein and major and minor mineral elements as compared to the other treatments. It was suggested that 45cm might be the most promising watering depth for the future water cultivation of Euryale ferox. Correlation analysis showed that except the negative correlation between leaf number and the yield traits such as 100-seed weight the agronomic characters of Euryale ferox were highly correlated with its yield traits. That meaned the better development of the petiole could result in stronger growth of leaf, root and seed.

並列關鍵字

Euryale ferox Salisbury ； Watering Depth ； Agronomic characters ； Yield ； Quality

國際替代計量

灌水深度對芡實農藝性狀、產量及品質之影響

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