春作綠肥作物適合性之評估

Assessment on the Feasibility of Spring Manure Cultivation

黃惠娟(Huey-Jiuan Huang) ； 曾文隆(Wen-Long Tsaur) ； 張愛華(Ay-Hwa Chang)

《中華農業研究》 44卷4期 (1995/12) Pp. 413-419

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.199512.0004

摘要

由於春作休耕田逐年增加，所以提供農民初期生育快、生長期長、莖葉產量高及覆蓋性強，適合氣溫較低時期栽培之綠肥作物種類及栽種方式極為重要；本試驗即以田菁、青皮豆及油菜三種綠肥作物為材料，採單作及混作種植方式進行，結果如下：青皮豆表現最佳，有顯著較高的鮮株重，又能充份達到抑制雜草的生長，且能顯著提升土壤全氮含量，使後作玉米有最高的植株乾重，應可推薦為一適合中部、雲嘉南及東部春作休耕田之綠肥作物。田菁雖有高的後作玉米植株鮮重，但因初期生育受春作氣溫較低之影響，其鮮株重及控制雜草量，均不如青皮豆佳。另田菁＋皮豆＋菜混作區之鮮株重亦佳，雜草量少，並能顯著提升土壤的全氮含量，且其後作之玉米果穗百分比、總營養消化率(TDN)最高，為混作區中表現最好，值得提出做一新的栽種方式之參考。
在後作物玉米產量及品質之比較，各綠肥處理小區均優於兩期連續種植玉米之小區，產量以田菁、青皮豆小區較佳，而品質以三種綠肥混作區最佳。

關鍵字

綠肥 ； 鮮重 ； 土壤肥力 ； 後作玉米試驗

並列摘要

The fallow field in spring season of Taiwan area has increased gradually in the recent years. It seems very important to provide some fast growing green manure crops with longer growth phase for the farmers. Therefore, the selection of flourishing plants with good covering ability and suitable for cultivation in the Spring duration is needed.
In the present experiment, three green manure crops namely Sesbania, Chin-pea-dou Glycine max) and rape were used as the material. They were cultivated by single cropping or mixed cropping. The results showed that the: Chin-pea-dou was the best green manure in this study. In the field of Chin-pea-dou, the weed growth could be sufficiently controlled, and it also had a significantly higher plant fresh weight. Furthermore, the total nitrogen content of soil was increased significantly, and the subsequent corn got a highest dry matter yield. So the results showed that this crop is a suitable green manure for the spring fallow in the central area, Yun-chia-nan area and eastern area of Taiwan. As for Sesbania, although it gave higher fresh weight in the subsequent corn crop also, however, it had less fresh weight and more weeds than Chin-pea-dou due to the low temperature in the spring season which is unfavorable for the growth of Sesbania.
In the mixed cropping plot which consisted of Sesbania, Chin-pea-dou and rape, it also had good plant fresh weight and less weed. After its incorporation, the total N content of soil was increased significantly. Moreover, it also gave the highest ear percentage and total digestable nutrient (TDN) percentage in the subsequent corn crop. Therefore, the mixed crop of these three green manure crops is also worth recommending to farmers. The results showed that the yield and quality of corn subsequent to all green manure plots were better than the corn plot of continuous cropping.

並列關鍵字

Green manure ； Fresh weight ； Soil fertility ； Trial fo subsequent corn