土壤缺水對水稻與陸稻期作間生產之影響（一）生長與產量之差異

Production of Lowland and Upland Rice to Soil Water Deficits in Different Crops Ⅰ. Differences in Growth and Yield

賴明信(Ming-Hsing Lai) ； 楊純明(Chwen-Ming Yang) ； 郭益全(Yih-Chuan Kuo)

《中華農業研究》 47卷2期 (1998/06) Pp. 95-107

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.199806.0001

摘要

本項試驗以本省陸稻品系2個，日本陸稻品種4個，菲律賓陸稻品種1個以及本省水稻推廣品種4個為材料，分別於1995年第一、二期作栽種於臺灣省農業試驗所農場，以探討土壤缺水對稻穀產量及產量構成性狀之影響，並比較水、陸稻乾旱衝擊之差異。結果顯示，乾旱處理降低參試品種（系）之稻穀產量及株高，降低的幅度以水稻品種較嚴重。陸稻品種（系）因期作不同表現不同，第一期作減少幅度大於第二期作，其中臺農選1、2號及農林糯4號在兩期作處理間表現較穩定，即對水分多寡之反應較鈍感。臺農67號對缺水環境適應性高於其他水稻品種（系），因此在較佳之陸稻品種尚未選育出前，可作為面臨栽培時期遭受乾旱威脅地區之選擇。在產量構成性狀上，乾早處理明顯降低參試水稻品種之穗數與一穗粒數及陸稻品程（系）之稔實率及穗數。相同處理下稻穀容重第二期高於第一期作，而乾旱增加稻毅容重。試驗亦發現，缺水情況下參試之本省陸稻品系較日本陸稻品種表現為佳，顯示本省陸稻品系對水分逆境的適應能力優於日本陸稻品種，利用為育種親本成效較佳。

關鍵字

水稻 ； 陸稻 ； 缺水 ； 期作 ； 生長 ； 產量

並列摘要

Drought, or soil water deficit, is known to affect the growth and yield of crop production including rice. With a special two crops system and an unique climatic condition, however, no research has been conducted to compare differences in growth behavior between lowland and upland rice to limited soil moisture in two crops in Taiwan. This study was carried out to evaluate growth and yield variations within and between two crops among lowland and upland genotypes of rice, selected from Plant Genetic Resources Center of Taiwan, to soil water deficits occurring during the lifespan. It was shown that plant height and grain yield were decreased by water deficits, and generally lowland genotypes were more sensitive than the uplands. In upland rice the decrement was greater in the first than in the second crop, with genotypes Tainung sel. 1, Tainung sel. 2, and Nohrin Mochi 4 had better yield performance in both crops. In lowland rice Tainung 67 was the best choice planting in drought-prone area. Water deficits were found to affect panicle number and grain number per panicle in lowland rice, while panicle number and percent grain-filling were reduced in upland rice. Grain volume weight was higher in the second than in the first crop at the same treatment but was increased by soil water deficits. Results show that upland genotypes from Taiwan grew and yielded better than those from Japan under water deficits, indicating a superior adaptability to local environment and more suitable for breeding purposes.

並列關鍵字

Lowland rice ； Upland rice ； Soil water deficit ； Crop season ； Growth ； Yield