仰觀宇宙之大，俯察品類之盛：如何量化生物多樣性

How to Quantify Biodiversity?

趙蓮菊(Anne Chao) ； 邱春火(Chun-Huo Chiu) ； 王怡婷(Y. T. Wang) ； 謝宗震(T. C. Hsieh) ； 馬光輝(K. H. Ma)

《中國統計學報》 51卷1期 (2013/03) Pp. 8-53

摘要

生物多樣性係指所有生命個體的變異及其存在多樣生態系統的總稱，並且延伸出相似性與分化的相關概念。生物多樣性至少有三個層面：基因（遺傳）多樣性，物種（分類）多樣性和生態系統（功能）的多樣性。本文主要回顧物種（或分類）多樣性，其中涵蓋以下主題：（1）根據Hill數值的傳統單一群落多樣性測度。這一類的度量只考慮、物種數和物種的豐富度。（2）依據Hill數值意義所建構的單一群落系統演化多樣性測度，此類測度除了考慮物種數和物種豐富度，也加入物種問演化／系統親緣距離的信息。（3）傳統多樣性的分解及其相關的多群落間相似性（或分化）的測度。（4）系統演化多樣性的分解與其相關的多群落間相似性（或分化）的測度。另外，我們舉一個實際的例子來說明統計模型在估計生物多樣性所扮演的角色。最後，對於未來一些相關的主題也一併進行討論。

關鍵字

生物多樣性 ； 多樣性的分解 ； 系統演化多樣性 ； 倍增原則 ； 分類多樣性

並列摘要

Biodiversity refers to the variety and variability among living organisms and the ecological complexes in which they occur, and related concepts of similarity and differentiation. Biodiversity has at least three aspects: gene (genetic) diversity, species (taxonomic) diversity and ecosystem (functional) diversity. This paper reviews species (or taxonomic) diversity and cover the following topics: (1) traditional diversity measures in a community based on Hill numbers. This class of measures only considers species richness and species abundances. (2) Phylogenetic diversity measures based on Hill numbers for an assemblage. This class of measures additionally incorporates information on evolutionary/phylogenetic distances between species. (3) Traditional diversity decomposition and related similarity (or differentiation) measures for multiple communities. (4) Phylogenetic diversity decomposition and related similarity (or differentiation) measures for multiple assemblages. We a1so use a real example to illustrate the role of statistical models in estimating biodiversity measures. Some future topics are also discussed.

並列關鍵字

biodiversity ； diversity decomposition ； phylogenetic diversity ； replication principle ； taxonomic diversity

參考文獻

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