休閒農場生產因素對營運收入之影響

The Impact of Production Factors on Operating Incomes of Leisure-based Farms in Taiwan

黃秋蓮(Chiou-Lien Huang) ； 王俊豪(Jiun-Hao Wang)

《台灣農學會報》 11卷3期 (2010/06) Pp. 239-252

https://doi.org/10.6730/JAAT.201006_11(3).0003

摘要

有鑒於休閒農業對於臺灣傳統農業轉型的重要性，本文使用臺灣2004年休閒農業場家普查資料，分析1102家有效樣本，從資源基礎理論的觀點，彙整休閒農業生產面的主要類別及各項因子，探討休閒農場土地規模、資本、勞動力等生產因素對於農場營運收入的影響。首先，休閒農場基本特徵的分析結果，顯示現有的休閒農場年度營運收入以100萬至300萬元所佔的場數比例為最高，接近三成；土地規模以0.5公頃至3公頃之間者所佔比例最多，超過半數；農場的勞動力則以3至5人最為普遍，所佔比例超過四成以上，可見目前休閒農場的經營規模，多為微／小型企業。
其次，在生產因素與休閒農場營運收入關聯性分析，顯示休閒農場的土地規模、農場勞動力、資金投資與營運收入之間，具有顯著的正相關，其相關強度依序為農場勞動力、土地規模、資金投資。最後，就生產因素對營運收入影響的多元迴歸分析而言，發現土地規模、農場常年人力和投資金額對於休閒農場營運收入，具有正向的影響效果。其中，尤以農場勞動力的正向影響效果最大，其他則依序為土地規模、資金投資。上開的實證分析結果，均符合本研究的預期假設，亦即不同的休閒農場生產要素與其營運收入有顯著的差異，且彼此間存在著正相關的關係。此外，休閒農場的土地規模愈大、常年雇用人力愈多和投資金額愈高，愈有助於提高休閒農場的營運收入。

關鍵字

休閒農場 ； 資源基礎理論 ； 生產因素

並列摘要

Leisure-based farms play an important role in the on-going agricultural transition in Taiwan. However, not many studies have compiled national representative evidence to explore determinants of operational performance on leisure-based farms. We used census data gathered on all leisure-based farms in 2004. By focusing on the extent to which different production factors are associated with annual operational income, 1,102 farms were analyzed through a multiple regression model. Research results indicate that most of the leisure-based farms are macro and small businesses. The majority were 0.5-3 hectares in size, employed 3-5 people as farm labors and generated NT$1-3 million in annual income. Moreover, our results demonstrated that farm size, employed labors and invested capital have significant positive effects on annual income of leisure-based farms. The research findings above support hypotheses derived from the resource-based theory, namely production factors contribute to positive annual operational income.

並列關鍵字

Leisure-based farm ； Resource-based theory ； Production factors