利用ISSR DNA分子標誌分析台灣油茶種原之遺傳歧異度

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Oiltea Camellia Germplasm in Taiwan Based on ISSR DNA Markers

邱垂豐(Chui-Feng Chiu) ； 林尚誼(Shang-Yi Lin) ； 胡智益(Chih-Yi Hu) ； 林順福(Shun-Fu Lin)

《台灣農學會報》 15卷1期 (2014/03) Pp. 54-75

https://doi.org/10.6730/JAAT.201403_15(1).0004

摘要

油茶是人類蔬菜用油之重要來源，種植油茶樹亦有助於水土保持，然而台灣目前尚無油茶品種可供推廣，有關台灣油茶種原遺傳歧異性之研究亦甚缺乏。因此本研究利用ISSR分子標誌為工具，分析台灣33個大果種油茶（蒐集自三個地區）及46個小果種油茶（蒐集自五個地區）收集系之遺傳歧異度。本研究共篩選得到11條ISSR引子，獲得31個訊號較強且具有明顯再現性的多型性條帶。ISSR分子標誌之群聚分析與主成份向量分析結果相似，可將不同區域收集之大果種及小果種種原初步分群。小果種油茶46個收集系間平均遺傳相似度為54.8%，大果種油茶33收集系間平均遺傳相似度為58.9%。分子變異數分析結果顯示大果種油茶與小果種油茶之間具有極顯著之遺傳變異，且無論是大果種油茶（26.42%）或小果種油茶（37.41%）在不同地區間之種原均具有極顯著之遺傳變異，而區域內的遺傳變異明顯大於區域間，顯示出台灣大果種油茶和小果種油茶種內均具有高遺傳歧異度。族群遺傳變異分析結果顯示，大果種油茶（0.39）及小果種油茶（0.38）之族群遺傳分化係數（Gst）皆略高於一般蟲媒花，且大果種（0.83）及小果種（0.77）之基因流轉值（Nm）皆小於1，顯示不同地區族群間具有隔離或分化的現象。

關鍵字

大果種油茶 ； 小果種油茶 ； 葉部性狀 ； 遺傳歧異度

並列摘要

Oiltea camellia seed is an essential source of vegetable oil for humans. Growing Oiltea camellia plants is also helpful for soil and water conservation. However, no bred varieties are available and there is a lack of studies on genetic diversity of Oiltea camellia germplasm in Taiwan. The genetic variation of ISSR DNA markers for 33 Camellia oleifera accessions (collected from 3 areas) and 46 Camellia tenuifolia accessions (collected from 5 areas) in Taiwan was analyzed. Molecular level variation was revealed by 11 ISSR primers which could stably generate 31 robust polymorphic bands. Similar results were found in cluster analysis and principle component analysis based on ISSR markers. The ISSR marker similarities within species were 54.8 % in C. tenuifolia and 58.9 % in C. oleifera . The result of molecular variance analysis showed that the variation component within species was larger than that between species and both regional variation components of C. oleifera (26.42%) and C. tenuifolia (37.41%) were statistically significant. The variation within regions was larger than that among regions, indicating that high genetic variation existed in C. oleifera and C. tenuifolia populations. Population variation analysis results showed both C. oleifera (0.39) and C. tenuifolia (0.38) have higher Nei's coefficients of gene variation (Gst) values than those of common insect pollination plants. The estimates of gene flow from both Nm values (0.83 for C. oleifera , and 0.77 for C. tenuifolia ) were less than 1, implying the existence of differentiation among different populations of the species.

並列關鍵字

C. oleifera ； C. tenuifolia ； leaf characters ； ISSR ； genetic variation