台灣引種痲瘋樹種源之遺傳變異

Introduction of Genetic Variation of Jatropha curcus Germplasm Resources to Taiwan

鄧書麟(Shu-Lin Deng) ； 游漢明(Han-Ming Yu) ； 許原瑞(Yen-Ray Hsui) ； 黃正良(Jeen-Liang Hwong)

《台灣農學會報》 15卷1期 (2014/03) Pp. 76-93

https://doi.org/10.6730/JAAT.201403_15(1).0005

摘要

痲瘋樹（Jatropha curcas L.）為大戟科（Euphorbiaceae）痲瘋樹屬（Jatropha）灌木或小喬木，原產美洲熱帶，臺灣引進栽植。痲瘋樹的根、樹皮、葉和種子均可入藥；果實可萃取出生物柴油，萃取物可製造肥皂及含氮有機肥料；枝葉及果實經過脫毒後也可做為動物飼料，具有廣泛的開發利用價值。本研究以取自台灣、金門等早期引種及新自國外引種之痲瘋樹種源合計36個種源，應用簡單序列重覆分子指紋技術（Inter-simple sequence repeat; ISSR）來探討台灣地區引種痲瘋樹不同種源之遺傳結構及種源間的親緣關係，共使用8個ISSR引子，得到119個擴增條帶，惟僅24個條帶具多型性（佔20.17%），顯示目前引進栽植的痲瘋樹種源其遺傳變異偏低。透過POPGENE分析結果，總基因歧異度（H）為0.0464，族群間之遺傳分化係數（Gst）為0.1960，基因流（Nm）為1.0254，顯示各種源間基因流並無阻礙。依族群分子變方分析（Analysis of Molecular Variance; AMOVA）結果，痲瘋樹有70.43%的變方成分存在於族群內種源間，故其主要的遺傳變異係存在於族群內種源間。由UPGMA（Unweighted Pair-Group Method using Arithmetic averages）歸群分析及主座標分析結果均顯示不同種源間彼此間親緣關係很近，顯示痲瘋樹栽培品系由於透過大量繁殖與傳播，導致遺傳基礎狹窄。由於現有痲瘋樹種源的遺傳變異偏低，建議宜引進更多不同區域的野生種源進行雜交育種以提高育種效率。

關鍵字

痲瘋樹 ； 生物柴油 ； 基因流 ； 遺傳變異

並列摘要

Jatropha curcas L., a shrub or small tree of the Euphorbiaceae Family, Jatropha (Genus), originated in tropical America and was later introduced to Taiwan for planting. Medicines can be made from the roots, bark, leaves, and seeds of J. curcas. Biodiesel can be extracted from its seeds, the extract can be used to make soap and organic nitrogenous fertilizers and the branches and leaves can be used as animal feed through detoxification. The species possesses an extensive utilization value. This study investigates the genetic structure and family connection among different germplasm resources of Taiwanese J. curcas. By using ISSR, we sample 36 germplasm resources of early introduced J. curcas from Kinmen and Taiwan and newly introduced J. curcas from abroad. A total of 8 ISSR primers are used to obtain 119 bands, of which there are 24 polymorphic sites (20.17%). Findings show that all the J. curcas germplasm resources introduced in Taiwan have lower genetic variation. Based on POPGENE, the total gene diversity (H) is 0.0464, the genetic differentiation index (Gst) is 0.1960, and the gene flow index (Nm) is 1.0254. The above results show no gene flow restriction among germplasm resources. According to the results of AMOVA, a 70.43% variance component exists among germplasm resources within the J. curcas population. This reveals obvious genetic variation among germplasm resources within the population. The results of UPGMA and PCoA both point to close relationships among different provenances, which further suggests that the J. curcas strain has a narrow genetic foundation due to massive proliferation and propagation. Due to a tendency of lower genetic variation in J. curcas , this study suggests continued crossbreeding by introducing more wild J. curcas germplasms from different areas to heighten breeding efficiency.

並列關鍵字

Jatropha curcas L. ； biodiesel ； gene flow ； genetic variation