離農獎勵計畫潛在施行對象之研究

Potential Target Group for Farm Exit Support Grants

王俊豪(Jiun-Hao Wang)

《台灣農學會報》 15卷4期 (2014/12) Pp. 374-390

https://doi.org/10.6730/JAAT.201412_15(4).0002

摘要

我國農政單位自2013年起推動離農獎勵措施，鼓勵老年農民釋出農場經營權，以達成擴大農場經營規模、勞動力世代交替與活化農地利用的多重目標。本研究的目的主要在離農獎勵制度潛在施行對象之特徵，以作為離農獎勵給付制度初期實施之參考依據。研究資料使用2005與2010年的農業普查和農保公務資料，篩選出年滿65歲、農保年資超過5年之農場指揮者，總計250,869人的離農潛勢母群體。研究發現無力務農者之樣本特徵，相較於有能力從事農業者，其年齡較高、教育程度較低、平均耕地面積較小、指揮者農業工作日數較少、自評為專業農戶的比例較高、總農業收入較低。其次，無心務農者之樣本特徵，相較於有意願從事農業者，其年齡較高、教育程度較低、平均耕地面積較小、戶內人口總農業工作天數較少、自評為專業農戶的比例較高、總農業收入較低。故建議有關單位應以無力與無心務農者作為最優先輔導離農對象，找出該群體人數最多的鄉鎮地區，加強離農獎勵計畫的宣導，或是規劃客製化的適當鼓勵離農方案，如家庭內的繼承移轉，或是透過農地租佃的誘導其進行家庭外的農地資源移轉。

關鍵字

離農獎勵 ； 小地主大佃農 ； 改善農業結構 ； 農民退休

並列摘要

The Farm Exit Support Grants program (FESG) was launched by the Council of Agriculture in 2013. The FESG program aims at encouraging elderly farmers to exit farms, enlarging farm size, to achieve generational renewal in agriculture and activate farm land use. The purpose of this study is to examine the sample characteristics of the target group for the FESG program, as well as to provide a reference for its follow-up implementation. Data were drawn from the Agriculture Census and the Farmers' Health Insurance data set in 2005 and 2010. In total, 250,869 elderly with over 5-insured-years farm operators were included. A statistical test procedure was then used to test the distribution differences in each category of the FESG target group by several socio-demographic and farming characteristics. The results indicate those without farming ability were older, less educated, had smaller farm sizes, less farm working days, and lower agricultural income than their counterparts. Similar patterns of group differences in farming socio-economic characteristics are also found for the farmers without farming willingness, compared with their counterparts. Several implications of the farmers' retirement policy can be inferred from these findings. The FESG program could prioritise the most likely elderly farmers, especially those who had no farming ability or willingness to farm, as its target group. To increase their motivation to exit the farm, it may be necessary to provide more retirement information and consulting, as well as appropriate customized solutions for cessation of farming, for example, an intra-family farm succession plan or transferring the family farm by leasing.

並列關鍵字

Farm Exit Support Grants ； Small Landowners Large Tenant Program ； Agricultural Structure Improvement ； Farmers' Retirement