Recruiting Young Farmers to Join Small-Scale Farming in EU: A Structural Policy Perspective

從農業結構政策觀點論述歐盟青年農民培育計畫

王俊豪(Jiun-Hao Wang)

《台灣農學會報》 16卷1期 (2015/03) Pp. 1-17

https://doi.org/10.6730/JAAT.201503_16(1).0001

摘要

有鑑於世界各地小農國家均面臨農業人口老化、缺乏青年人力投入務農等嚴峻的結構性問題，各國農業政策皆以培育青年農民作為首要目標。事實上，歐盟自1980年代起，其共同農業政策即積極推動青年農民培育計畫，故歐盟青年農民政策的推行經驗，值得各小農國家施政規劃之借鏡。因此，本論文針對現行的歐盟青年農民培育計畫措施進行系統性的評析，研究目的旨在研擬出招募農業青年人力的政策實施架構，供我國有關單位之參考。研究結果發現家庭農業的繼承模式，為培育青年農民最亦被接受、最可行的政策途徑。此外，鼓勵老年農民退休離農與協助青年農民創業，則是同步促進家庭農場世代移轉的重要機制。然而，為達到有效吸引農村青年投入農業經營的政策目標，則另需要推動農場改善計畫、農業推廣服務、農場繼承諮詢、農場創業期間的稅賦優惠等配套措施，始能竟其功。最後，本研究考量到小型農家的農業獲利能力有限，以及農村經濟多樣化的發展潛力，故建議未來農政機關可嘗試推動農業外的創業補助措施，以有效扶持新世代的農村企業家，協力促進農業經濟的發展基盤。

關鍵字

農業結構 ； 家庭農場 ； 世代交替 ； 青年農民計畫 ； 提早退休計畫

並列摘要

The small-scale agricultural countries encounter severe structural problems, particularly the rapid ageing of the farmer population and the scarcity of young farmers entering the profession. Determining how to support young farmers is a political priority for the future agricultural policy regarding the small-holding farming world. Given that setting up young farmers has been at the centre of the common agricultural policy in the EU since the 1980s. This article takes the European experience as an example to systematically review current young farmers schemes (YFS). The main objective of this article is to propose a policy framework for recruiting young farmers by systematically reviewing the current supporting measures for young farmers. Result shows that the inheritance from an older family member is the most favorable and most feasible way to recruit young farmers among other entry channels to setting up farm business. Moreover, the installation aid for young farmers and the early retirement scheme are regarded as coupled instruments on promoting intergenerational farm transfer. However, successfully recruiting young farmers to join small-scale farming is necessary to further employ other supplementary measures, including farm improvement scheme, agricultural extension service, farm succession advice, tax reduction within installation period. Consequently, considering the limitation of farming returns in small holdings, diversifying rural economic activity in the form of supporting non-agricultural new businesses might be an alternative approach for setting up next generational entrepreneurs in the countryside.

並列關鍵字

Agricultural structure ； Family farm ； Generational renewal ； Young farmers scheme ； Early retirement scheme