老農福利津貼制度會影響農家所得嗎？來自臺灣大型農家調查資料的實證分析

How Does the Old Farmer Pension Payments Affect Household income? Empirical Evidence of Taiwanese Farm Household

陳宜君(I-Chun Chen) ； 張宏浩(Hung-Hao Chang) ； 官俊榮(Jerome Geaun)

《台灣農學會報》 16卷1期 (2015/03) Pp. 67-84

摘要

臺灣老年農民福利津貼制度提供65歲以上農業保險承保農民固定的津貼收入，藉以穩定老年農民的經濟生活，然而在貫徹農民福利政策時，卻產生財政支出龐大等問題，又因臺灣農業人口高齡化現象，造成財政負擔有增無減。上述問題皆顯示目前農民福利政策需要做調整，但在制度改革之前，必須深入瞭解目前臺灣農民在老農津貼的分配情況，以及老農津貼對家庭農業、非農業所得之影響。本文利用2011年臺灣地區農家戶口抽樣調查資料共7,270農戶（包含7,270位農家指揮者）的個體資料，以Recursive Mixed-Nonlinear Simultaneous System作為實證模型，探討老農福利津貼制度如何影響農家所得分配。實證結果顯示，老農津貼制度與家庭農業所得、非農業所得有很強關連性，農家指揮者領取老農津貼會對家庭農業與非農業所得產生負面影響效果，而家中滿十五歲人數、專業農牧戶、總耕地面積與指揮者年齡皆對家庭農業所得有正向效果，且臺灣南部地區家庭農業所得比其他地區高。因此政府在制訂或調整老農津貼政策時，必須先考慮到其對農家所得之影響，藉以訂定一個更完善的老農津貼給付。

關鍵字

農業家庭 ； 老年農民福利津貼制度 ； 農業所得 ； 非農業所得 ； 臺灣

並列摘要

In order to maintain the income and welfare of the older farmers, the Taiwanese Old- Age Farmers Welfare Allowance Program provides lifelong income security for elderly farmers who are older than 65. However, the social welfare system generates the deterioration of fiscal expenditure. Moreover, populations of agriculture are aging even faster and therefore this problem will become progressively worse. Those above problems indicate that the systems regarding Taiwanese farmers need to be adjusted. Consequently, before adjusting the Old Farmers' Pension Program, it is necessary to thoroughly understand the current allocation of Old Farmer Pension Program of Taiwanese farmers, and the effect of Old Farmer Pension Program on the on- and off-farm incomes. Using an agricultural household survey of 7,270 farm households which contains 7,270 principle farm operator, and an analytical framework of Recursive Mixed-Nonlinear Simultaneous System, our results show that the receipts of the old pension of the elderly farm operator have a significantly negative effect on the on- and off-farm incomes. This indicates that the relationship between Old Farmer Pension Program and the on and off-farm incomes is not disconnected. Moreover, the number of household members aged 15 or above, specialized farmer, total land area, and age of operator have positive effects on the on-farm incomes. Furthermore, the on-farm incomes of farm households which are located in southern Taiwan are higher than that of farm households which are located in other areas of Taiwan. Therefore, the government should take the effect of public pension on the on- and off-farm incomes into account when they adjusted the Old Farmer Pension Program.

並列關鍵字

Farm Households ； Old Farmer Pension Program ； On-farm incomes ； Off-farm incomes ； Taiwan