福島事件後台灣核能議題的媒體再現

Media Representation of Nuclear Debate in Taiwan after the Fukushima Event

鄭安授(An-Shou Cheng)

《問題與研究》 58卷2期 (2019/06) Pp. 29-89

https://doi.org/10.30390/ISC.201906_58(2).0002

摘要

2011年3月11日，日本規模9.0地震所引發的海嘯，導致福島核電廠出現爐心燃料熔損及放射物質外釋的緊急狀態。福島核災後，媒體大篇幅的報導，引發了國人對核電安全的普遍關注，也激起國人對國家整體核電政策的關心。為了解福島核災後，新聞媒體使用哪些框架再現核電議題？這些媒體框架是否因報別的不同而有所差異？福島核災後新聞媒體報導凸顯了哪些人的觀點？這些人所呈現的立場與價值為何？有何差異？以及福島核災後新聞媒體的報導呈現何種趨勢？在媒體框架和價值觀點上是否有所變化？本研究藉由內容分析法，分析2011年3月11日福島核災發生日起，至2012年4月30日福島核災週年後一個月，《蘋果日報》、《自由時報》、《聯合報》總計1,416則關於核電議題的新聞報導。研究結果顯示，媒體採用政治性框架的比例最高、其次為安全框架與責任框架。就消息來源而言，政府官員為媒體引述的主要消息來源，其次為政黨人士或民意代表、再其次為專家學者。就媒體報導的趨勢與個別報紙報導的差異來看，不同時期媒體報導的框架和價值會呈現差異，而個別報紙在媒體框架、價值呈現及報導的態度上也有差異。

關鍵字

福島核災 ； 新聞框架 ； 媒體再現 ； 內容分析

並列摘要

This study aims to explore how newspapers represents the nuclear power issue in Taiwan after the Fukushima Event, a catastrophic failure at the Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant on 11 March 2011. The Fukushima Event has significant implications on both energy policy and anti-nuclear campaign in Taiwan. It also draws the attention of media coverage and has great impact on how media frame the Fourth Nuclear Power Plant dispute in Taiwan. The analysis of media frames and values within ongoing nuclear power policy debates not only helps to explain the arguments of stakeholders (or information sources) but also helps us to understand the societal implications of these disputes. To analyze how media frame the debate of nuclear power, this study attempts to answer the following research questions: What specific media frames are used in news reports? What values are most salient in the debate? Are there any differences in the media frames and values expressed among stakeholders in the debate? Are there any changes across time in the differences of media frames and values expressed in the debate? By using content analysis of relevant news stories from United Daily News, Liberty Times, and Apple Daily, dated from March 2011 to April 2012, that were collected for the analyses via the newspaper web databases, this study identifies specific media frames in news reports and shows various value orientation expressed by stakeholders on the subject of nuclear power.

並列關鍵字

Fukushima Event ； Media Frame ； Media Representation ； Content Analysis

參考文獻

呂宗芬，2003，〈台灣的反核四運動與政治轉型：政治機會結構的觀點〉，台北：國立台灣大學社會學研究所碩士論文。Lu, Tsung-fen. 2003. Taiwan de fan hesi yundong yu zhengzhi zhuanxing: zhengzhi jihui jie gou de guandian [The Anti-the Forth Nuclear Power Plant Movement and the Political Transition in Taiwan]. Taipei: MA thesis, Department of Sociology, National Taiwan University.

吳芳如，2002，〈消息來源、新聞框架與媒介真實之建構：以政黨輪替後之核四爭議案為例〉，台北：世新大學傳播研究所碩士論文。Wu, Fung-ru. 2002. Xiaoxi liayuan xinwen kuangjia yu meijie zhenshi zhi jiangou: yi zheng-dang lunti hou zhi hesi zhengyi an weili [News Sources, News Frames and the Construction of Media Reality: The Fourth Nuclear Power Plant Controversy]. Taipei: MA thesis, College of Journalism and Communications, Shih Hsin University.

林靜怡，1998，〈我國核能政策之經濟分析〉，台中：國立中興大學公共政策研究所碩士論文。Lin, Jing-yi. 1998. Wo guo heneng zhengce zhi jingji fenxi [Political and Economic Analysis of Taiwan’s Nuclear Energy Policy]. Taipei: MA thesis, Graduate Institute of National Policy and Public Affairs, National Chung Hsing University.

祝基瀅，1983，《政治傳播學》，台北：三民書局。Chu, Chi-ying. 1983. Zhengzhi chuanbo xue [Political Communication]. Taipei: Sanmin Publishing.

倪炎元，1999，〈再現的政治：解讀媒介對他者負面建構的策略〉，《新聞學研究》，58：85-111。Ni, Yen-yuan. 1999. “Zaixian de zhengzhi: jiedu meijie dui tazhe fumian jiangou de celue” [The Politics of Representations: Negative Constructions of the Other in the Popular Press]. Mass Communication Research, 58: 85-111.