Aquaculture and Food Crisis: Opportunities and Constraints

水產養殖與糧食危機：機會與限制

I-Chiu Liao ； Nai-Hsien Chao

《Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition》 18卷4期 (2009/12) Pp. 564-569

https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.2009.18.4.16

摘要

水產養殖被稱為Aquaculture是近40年來之事。不過在西元前475年，中國的范蠡已著有「養魚經」，在西元71-130年間，日本皇宮內興建錦鯉池，可見它的重要性。近年來，尤其亞洲國家的水產養殖佔全世界總養殖產量的91％左右，排行世界前10名國家中有9名位於亞洲。世界人口已超過六十五億，其中約十億人口面臨飢餓挑戰；而生活在生產力頗高的亞太地區的眾多人口中也有六億四千二百萬人屬於飢餓人口。因此提供重要的蛋白質來源的水產養殖，其今後扮演的角色勢必越來越吃重。本篇就亞太地區之水產養殖作為解決糧食危機問題的機會與限制加以敘述討論。文中倡導養殖履歷制度、採用HACCP管控、執行水產養殖產品網路之市場管理，以及落實全面食物安全。至盼水產養殖所追求的生存、利潤、安全，能成功地因應世界急迫的糧食危機，並達永續經營的目標。

關鍵字

水產養殖 ； 亞太地區 ； 糧食危機 ； 機會 ； 限制

並列摘要

Fish farming, now well known as aquaculture, has been well recognized since the ancient era. The first written document on fish culture was published in China in 475 BC, and the first koi pond was constructed at the Japanese Imperial Palace grounds during 71-130 AD. In recent years, aquaculture has progressively played an important role in the provision of: animal protein and gourmet cuisines, job opportunities, and foreign currency for developing countries. Asian countries produce around 91 percent of the world’s total aquaculture production. Among the top ten aquaculture-producing countries, nine are from Asia. The current global population consist of more than 6.5 billion individuals; over one billion of which face hunger problem. In the highly populated Asia-Pacific region with moderately high-productivity, 642 million people are still facing hunger. Being a proficient and potential source of animal protein, aquaculture will play an increasing and important role in solving the world food problem in the future. This paper discusses both the opportunities and constraints in the aquaculture industry, specifically in the Asia-Pacific region, and its possible role in solving the current global food crisis. Strategies including promotion and adoption of traceability and HACCP systems for food safety, and marketing management for aquaculture products are also suggested. It is hoped that traditional administration of aquaculture management for survival, profit, as well as food safety will successfully match sustainability management to meet the urgent global need for food.

並列關鍵字

aquaculture ； Asia-Pacific region ； food crisis ； opportunities ； constraints