School Lunch Program for Health Promotion among Children in Japan

日本學童午餐健康促進計畫

Nobuko Tanaka ； Miki Miyoshi

《Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition》 21卷1期 (2012/03) Pp. 155-158

https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.2012.21.1.22

摘要

目前日本已根據1954年的學校午餐法案，執行學校午餐計畫。學校午餐計畫的主要目的為促進孩童心智及體位健康發展。稍後學校午餐法案在2008年根據促進飲食營養教育（Shokuiku）之目的而改版。在2009年9月，大約一千萬名學童參與學校午餐計畫。此計畫本身是一種教育活動，孩童必須負責午餐服務及清潔餐具，同時讓孩童與同儕共進午餐，學習適當的用餐禮儀。此外，也透過每一餐的菜單，加強孩童了解均衡飲食及食物文化的重要性。近年來，成人與孩童飲食失調及肥胖的情況有增加的情況，因此與生活型態相關疾病的發生越來越受到關切。這樣的情況下，日本於2005年制定飲食與營養教育基本法案。更為了加強學校孩童飲食營養教育，文部科學省在2007年4月建立飲食與營養教師系統。根據報告，學校有飲食與營養教師後，提升了學校教師與孩童監護者對飲食的注意及興趣。另外也發現，不吃早餐的孩童比例有下降的趨勢，其生活品質也得到改善。因此，日本學校午餐計畫系統被認為有益於下一代健康的心智及體位發展。

關鍵字

學校午餐計畫 ； 學校午餐法案 ； 飲食營養教育 ； 飲食與營養教師 ； 日本

並列摘要

In Japan, the present school lunch program has been implemented under the ”School Lunch Act” enacted in 1954. The main purpose of the school lunch program is to promote healthy development of the minds and bodies of school children. Later, ”The School Lunch Act” was revised in 2008 and its aim was changed to ”promoting Shokuiku”. As of May 2009, approximately 10 million school children participate in the school lunch program. This program itself is an educational activity. School children are responsible for serving lunch and clearing the dishes. They could also learn proper manners, by having meals together with classmates. Furthermore, understanding of balanced diet and food culture can be enhanced through learning the menu of each meal. Recently, as eating disorders and obesity increase among adults and school children, there is rising concern on development of lifestyle-related diseases. Under this circumstance, the Basic Law on Shokuiku was enacted in 2005. Besides, in order to enhance Shokuiku to school children, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology established the Diet and Nutrition Teacher System in April 2007. It is reprted that, in those schools with Diet and Nutrition Teachers, a positive impact has been observed in terms of awareness and interest in diet among teachers and guardians. It is also reported that proportion of children skipping breakfast has decreased, and quality of life has been improved. In this way, the Japanese school lunch program system is essential for fostering healthy mind and bodies for the next generation.

並列關鍵字

school lunch program ； The School Lunch Act ； Shokuiku ； Diet and Nutrition Teacher ； Japan