Risk of Asthma Associated with Energy-Dense But Nutrient-Poor Dietary Pattern in Taiwanese Children

高熱量與營養素貧乏的飲食型態會增加學童的氣喘罹患風險

Shu-Chen Lee ； Yao-Hsu Yang ； Shao-Yuan Chuang ； Shaw-Chen Liu ； Hsin-Chou Yang ； Wen-Harn Pan

《Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition》 21卷1期 (2012/03) Pp. 73-81

https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.2012.21.1.10

摘要

小兒氣喘盛行率在過去幾十年間快速增加，研究認為可能與生活形態與飲食習慣的改變有關。本研究目的在探討台灣國小學童之飲食與氣喘的相關性。研究分析的資料來源為臺灣國小學童營養健康狀況調查（2001-2002），共2082位具有完整飲食、生活形態、社會人口學及氣喘資料的學童資料納入分析。使用中文版的國際兒童氣喘過敏研究標準問卷產生氣喘症狀分數，並定義氣喘狀況，包括：目前有氣喘、嚴重氣喘、深夜乾咳、運動後誘發氣喘及曾經被診斷有氣喘。飲食的攝取狀況則以飲食頻率問卷進行評估。以減維度迴歸分析法來找尋與氣喘症狀分數有關的飲食型態。本研究歸納出與氣喘最有相關的飲食型態特徵為：攝取高頻率的速食、高脂零食、糖果及乳酪，及低頻率的蔬菜、水果與米飯。分析結果顯示此飲食型態會增加氣喘、嚴重氣喘及深夜乾咳的罹患風險。因此，本研究指出多攝取油脂及精緻糖、少攝取蔬菜水果及米飯的飲食型態，可能增加台灣學童罹患氣喘的風險。

關鍵字

氣喘 ； 兒童 ； 飲食型態 ； 危險因子 ； 減維度迴歸分析

並列摘要

Childhood asthma has rapidly increased over the past few decades, possibly due to changes in lifestyle and dietary patterns. We aimed to determine associations between dietary patterns and asthma in schoolchildren in Taiwan. The Nutrition and Health survey in Taiwan Elementary School Children was carried out by using a multi-staged complex sampling design. A total of 2,082 elementary school children with complete data on dietary, lifestyle, demographics and asthma were included in the analysis. We used a Chinese version of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire to generate an asthma symptom score and to define asthma outcomes. Dietary intake was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. Reduced rank regression (RRR) was used to identify the dietary pattern associated with the asthma symptoms score. Asthma outcomes included; current asthma, current severe asthma, nocturnal cough, exercise-induced wheeze and asthma ever. The RRR-derived dietary pattern was characterized by high consumption of fast foods, high-fat snacks, candy, and cheese; and low consumption of fruit, vegetables and rice. The RRR-derived dietary pattern was associated with an increased risk of current asthma (OR [95% CI]) (2.42 [1.19-4.93] for Q4/Q1, p-for-trend=0.01), current severe asthma (3.21 [1.11-9.25] for Q3/Q1, 4.45 [1.59-12.5] for Q4/Q1; p-for-trend=0.003), and nocturnal cough (1.79 [1.06-3.05] for Q2/Q1, 1.74 [1.02-2.97] for Q3/Q1, 1.82 [1.07-3.11] for Q4/Q1; p-for-trend=0.049). Our results suggest that a diet with a high intake of fat and simple sugars and low intake of fruit, vegetables and rice is associated with an increased risk of asthma in Taiwanese children.

並列關鍵字

asthma ； children ； dietary pattern ； risk factors ； reduced rank regression