An Efficacy Study on Alleviating Micronutrient Deficiencies through a Multiple Micronutrient Fortified Salt in Children in South India

通过复合微量营养素强化盐来缓解印度南部儿童微量营养素缺乏的效果研究

Malavika Vinod Kumar ； Praveen K Nirmalan ； Juergen G Erhardt ； Lakshmi Rahmathullah ； Srinivasa Rajagopalan

《Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition》 23卷3期 (2014/09) Pp. 413-422

https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.2014.23.3.08

摘要

背景：在印度普遍存在多重微量营养素缺乏。目的：本研究的目的是与营养教育干预和无干预相比，确定复合微量营养素强化盐在解决泰米尔纳德邦儿童多重微量营养素缺乏的效果。方法：本研究采用社区为基础的为期8个月的随机对照试验设计，研究复合微量营养素盐（微量营养素组）、营养教育（教育组）和无干预（对照组），对血红蛋白、血清铁蛋白、可溶性转铁蛋白受体、体内铁储存和维生素A和尿碘的影响。强化盐含有铁、碘、维生素A、维生素B_(12)和叶酸。对所有的儿童在基线和研究末期生化测量之前进行驱虫。结果：与对照组相比，微量营养素组的多数生化参数显著改善，然而这种改善在教育组和对照组中未被发现。8个月以后，微量营养素组血红蛋白增加了0.52 g/dL，维生素A增加了8.56 μg/dL，铁蛋白增加了10.8 μg/dL，体内铁储存增加了1.27 mg，维生素A缺乏症的发生率从51.6%下降到28.1%，贫血的发生率从46.0%下降到32.6%，铁缺乏的发生率从66.9%下降到51.3%，缺铁性贫血的发生率从35.2%下降到31.0%，然而在其它两组未见显著的缺乏增加或改变。结论：复合微量营养素强化盐能够改善铁和维生素A的状态，然而在营养教育组未见这种改善。

關鍵字

复合微量营养素强化盐 ； 微量营养素缺乏 ； 生化评估 ； 儿童 ； 印度

並列摘要

Background: Multiple micronutrient deficiencies are prevalent in India. Objective: The study aims to establish the efficacy of multi-micronutrient fortified salt in addressing multiple micronutrient deficiencies among children compared to nutrition education and no intervention in Tamilnadu. Methods: The study employed a community based randomized controlled trial designed to study the impact of multiple micronutrient salt (micronutrient group) in comparison with nutrition education (education group) and no intervention (control group) on haemoglobin, serum ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor, body iron stores, serum retinol and urinary iodine outcomes over a period of 8 months. The fortified salt contained iron, iodine, vitamin A, vitamin B_(12) and folic acid. All the children were dewormed at baseline and at the end of the study just before the biochemical measurements. Results: There was a significant improvement in most biochemical parameters studied in the micronutrient group when compared with the control group whereas this was not seen between the education and control. Over 8 months, in the micronutrient group, hemoglobin increased by 0.52 g/dL, retinol by 8.56 μg/dL, ferritin by 10.8 μg/L, body iron stores by 1.27 mg and the decrease in the prevalence of retinol deficiency was from 51.6% to 28.1%, anaemia from 46.0% to 32.6%, iron deficiency from 66.9% to 51.3% and iron deficiency anaemia from 35.2% to 31.0%, while the prevalence of all these deficiencies increased or the changes were not significant in the other two groups. Conclusions: Multiple micronutrient fortified salt was able to improve iron and vitamin A status, whereas this was not seen in the nutrition education group.

並列關鍵字

multiple micronutrient fortified salt ； micronutrient deficiencies ； biochemical assessment ； children ； India