Melamine-contaminated milk formula and its impact on children

2008年，中国发生了三聚氰胺污染奶粉的丑闻事件。到目前为止，其主要后果是引起众多婴幼儿患泌尿系结石，部分患儿出现肾衰竭，甚至死亡。八年过去了，但食品安全仍是数以万计中国人日常关心的大事。我们仍需警惕类似食品安全事件的发生。未来的研究应着重关注类似食品添加剂的早期检测、发病机制和诊疗技术等。三聚氰胺在人体内通过肾脏代谢，且三聚氰胺代谢速度较慢，大部分以原形经尿液排出。因此，检测尿液中的三聚氰胺可能是一种快速、经济的检测三聚氰胺污染的有效方法。尽管三聚氰胺泌尿系结石患儿经保守治疗后大部分可痊愈，但对这部分患儿的长期随访研究仍十分重要。除了泌尿系结石，三聚氰胺也可能引起泌尿系肿瘤。尽管从三聚氰胺污染奶粉事件中可以看出三聚氰胺对婴幼儿的短期影响，但过多暴露于三聚氰胺污染的奶粉对婴幼儿生长发育、青少年和成年期健康的影响仍需进一步随访研究。

關鍵字

三聚氰胺；机制；临床特点；检测；随访

並列摘要

The melamine contaminated milk powder contamination scandal occurred in China in 2008. Its main consequences so far have been urinary stone formation in children with associated renal damage and increased child mortality. Eight years have passed, but food safety issues still remain of concern in the daily lives of millions of Chinese. Vigilance is required to ensure no recurrence of such food safety problems. Ongoing studies focus on the early detection of food industry malpractice, mechanisms whereby these toxic substances induce disease and how its advent may be prevented and better managed. Melamine undergoes renal excretion, but is metabolized slowly and excreted largely unchanged in the urine. Urinary melamine measurement may provide a rapid and inexpensive way to identify exposure to melamine adulterated food items. Although most patients with melamine-related urinary stones (MUS) have been responsive to conservative treatment, longer time follow-up is needed to assess chronic effects. Aside from MUS, melamine is a recognized carcinogen and can induce urinary tract tumours. Very little is known about the effects of excessive exposure to melamine contaminated milk powder in infants on growth, adolescent and adult health, although short-term effects have become apparent during the scandal.

並列關鍵字

melamine ； mechanism ； clinical features ； detection ； follow up

國際替代計量

Melamine-contaminated milk formula and its impact on children

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