Population-based association between urinary excretion of sodium, potassium and its ratio with albuminuria in Chinese

中国人群尿钠、尿钾及其比值与蛋白尿的关系

Liu-Xia Yan ； Xiao-Lei Guo ； Hui-Cheng Wang ； Ji-Yu Zhang ； Jun-Li Tang ； Zi-Long Lu ； Xiao-Ning Cai ； Long-Jian Liu ； Edward J Gracely ； Ji-Xiang Ma

《Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition》 25卷4期 (2016/12) Pp. 785-797

https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.092015.33

摘要

背景与目的：研究表明蛋白尿是心脏病和肾病的一个危险因素。本研究的目的是探讨24 小时尿钠、尿钾及其比值与蛋白尿的关系。方法与研究设计：本研究纳入了1,975 名居住在中国北方人群，收集其完整的一次24 小时尿样，测量尿钠、尿钾和尿白蛋白，并测量身高、体重、腰围、血压和空腹血糖等。结果：调查人群的24 小时尿钠和尿钾均值为232 mmol 和40.8 mmol，尿钠钾比值为6.7。24 小时尿白蛋白的中位数为6.1 mg，25 分位数和75 分位数为4.5mg 和8.7 mg。尿钠与尿白蛋白排泄量呈显著正相关(β=0.029，p＜0.001)，独立于年龄、性别、血压、体重指数、血糖等主要的心血管病危险因素。未发现尿钾和尿钠钾比值与尿白蛋白的关联有统计学意义。结论：该横断面研究表明中国人群高钠盐摄入与高尿白蛋白排泄密切相关，减盐对心血管和肾的健康有益。

關鍵字

蛋白尿 ； 中国 ； 钠 ； 钾 ； 24小时尿

並列摘要

Background and Objectives: Albuminuria is a risk factor for cardiovascular and renal disease. However, little is known about the association of 24 h urinary sodium and potassium excretion with albuminuria in China. The aim of this study was to examine this association by analyzing the data from 1,975 Chinese adults living in north China. Methods and Study Design: Excretion of urinary sodium, potassium and albumin was assessed in a single 24-h urine sample for each participant. Height, weight, waist circumference and blood pressure were measured and body mass index was determined as weight divided by square height. Fasting blood sample was collected and fasting glucose was measured. Results: The average 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion were 232 mmol and 40.8 mmol, resulting a mean sodium to potassium ratio of 6.7. The median (Q1-Q3) 24-h urinary albuminuria excretion was 6.1 mg (4.5-8.7 mg). Overall, urinary sodium excretion was positively associated with albumin excretion (β=0.029, p＜0.001). This association was independent of major cardiovascular risk factors including age, gender, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, fasting glucose, waist circumference, hypertensive drug treatment, and smoking. Moreover, the relation of sodium and albumin was similar in the subgroups stratified by gender, adiposity and diabetic status. No significant associations of potassium excretion or sodium to potassium ratio with urinary albumin excretion were observed. Conclusions: In cross-sectional analyses, high sodium intake was shown to be associated with increased urinary albuminuria in the general Chinese adult population, supporting salt restriction for renal and cardiovascular health benefit.

並列關鍵字

albuminuria ； China ； potassium ； sodium ； 24-h urine