優良品種油茶之油脂成分提煉及性質分析

The Extraction and Analysis of Oils from Selected Species of Oiltea Camellia in Taiwan

王振瀾(Chen-Lan Wang) ； 林玉含(Yu-Han Lin)

《林業試驗所研究報告季刊》 5卷1期 (1990/03) Pp. 11-15

https://doi.org/10.7075/BTFRI.199003.0011

摘要

本試驗以壓榨及正己烷抽取小果油茶（蓮華池分所）及大果油茶（台北本所植物園）之油脂成分，並分析油份理化性質及脂肪酸組成，結果顯示小果種之收油率(31.0%)高於大果種(27.8%)，大果茶油之碘價(83.3)，不皀化物(0.92％)均高於小果（分別為78.10及0.34%），小果茶油之酸價(l.52)較大果為高(l.23)，其他，比重，折射率及皀化價則無顯著差異。
大果油茶不飽和脂肪酸中，油酸(C18:1)74.1%，亞油酸(C18:2)11.25%，小果油茶含油酸75.7%，亞油酸7.88%，飽和脂肪酸方面，大果中含棕櫚酸(C16:0)7.91%，硬脂酸(C18:0)2.06%；小果中，棕櫚酸8.34%，硬脂酸2.33%，另外，尚有微量肉豆蔻酸(Cl4:0)，十六烯酸(C16:1)及次亞油酸(C18:3)及C20以上脂肪酸。

關鍵字

大果油茶 ； 小果油茶 ； 油脂成分 ； 性質分析 ； 脂肪酸組成

並列摘要

The oil components were extracted with n-hexane from two major Camellia species in Taiwan: Camellia oleifera Abel and Camellia tenuifolia (Hay.) Cohen Stuart. The yield of oil from Camellia tenuifolia was 31.0%, higher than Camellia oleifera (27.8%), Examinations of oil characteristics showed that Camellia oleifera oil was higher in iodine value and unsaponifiable matter, hot lower in acid value, that the Gemellia tenuifolia oil. Their specific gravity, refractive index, and saponification value, showed no significant difference.
The oil compositions were analyzed by gas chromatograph. The major unsaturated fatty acid was oleic acid (C18:l), 74.1% in Camellia oleifera, and 75.7% in Camellia tenuifolia. Linoleic acid (C18:2) was determined to be 11.3% in Camellia oleifera and 7.88% in Camellia tenuifolia. The saturated fatty acids, palmitic (C16:0) and stearic (18:0), were 7.91% and 2.06% hr Camellia oleifera, while 8.34% end 2.33% in Gamellia tenuifolia respectively of both oils. An unidentified fatly acid of C20 and higher was about 3% found to make up. In addition, myristic acid (C14:0), palmitoleic acid (16:1), and linolenic acid (C18:3) were found in trace amounts.

並列關鍵字

Camellia oleifera Abel ； Camellia tenuifolia (Hay) Cohen Stuart ； Oil components ； Characteristics Analyses ； Fatty Acid compositions