臺灣杉幼苗感染Scutellospora nigra內生菌根之觀察

Observations on the Endomycorrhizae of Taiwania cryptomeriodes Infected with Scutellospora nigra

顏江河(Chiang-Her Yen) ； 鍾旭和(Hsu-Ho Chung)

《林業試驗所研究報告季刊》 5卷1期 (1990/03) Pp. 53-62

https://doi.org/10.7075/BTFRI.199003.0053

摘要

分離自林試所六龜分所扇平工作站苗圃之Scutellospore nigra以玉米繁殖法經六個月後可獲得大量接種源。將回收之孢子接種於無菌發芽之臺灣杉幼苗，在溫室中生長10個月後，進行收穫及根部掃描電子顯微鏡觀測。結果顯示接種菌根之幼苗平均高生長達12.2cm，全株濕重為10.42g，分別為對照組之4.8倍與23倍，顯示S. nigra對臺灣杉幼苗的生長具極顯著的生長效益，而末接種之苗木雖施用完全營養液其生長仍呈嚴重遲滯且瀕臨死亡，顯示臺灣杉幼苗對S. nigra內生菌根的共生有絕對的生理需求；S. nigra，孢子呈深褐至黑色、圓形，平均直徑345μm，孢壁二層，外壁呈凹穴狀構造，輔生細胞(Auxilary ce1l)呈圓形，表面光滑，8-15個叢生；感染臺灣杉根部後，於皮層細胞第三與第四層形成真菌帶，菌絲的發展延伸只有細胞內菌絲(intracellular hypha)，而無細胞間菌絲(intercellular hypha)，叢枝體(arbuscle)發展良好，在崩解中的叢枝體表面具有絨毛狀物質，推測為寄主細胞質在此聚集進行養分的交換，惟囊狀體(vesicle)則未發現，証實Suctellospora與Gigaspora兩屬菌根菌種在感染寄主細胞後並不形成囊狀體。

關鍵字

臺灣杉 ； 內生菌根 ； 掃描電子顯微鏡Scutellospora nigra

並列摘要

The purposes of the study were: 1. to observe the morphological characteristics of Scutellospora nigra spore and mycorrhizal morphology of Taiwania (Taiwania cryptomeriodes Hay.) infected with S. nigra, 2. to test the effects of mycorhizal in fections on the growth of Taiwania seedlings.
The pure S. nigra spore were obtained from corn seedlings inoculated for 6 months with the spore originally isolated from Lu-kuei Branch Station, Taiwan Forest Research Institute. The abous-75-days-old-seedlings of Taiwania were inoculated with @25, @50 or zero spores of S. nigra. Seedlings were grown in greenhouse and fertilized wish 50 c.c. complete nutrient solution every week for 10 months. Then the height and total fresh weight of seedlings were measured, and the roots were observed by scanning electron microscopy.
From this study the following conclusion were obtained: 1. S. nigra could form endomycnrrhizae with Taiwania which developed intracellular hyphae and arbuscule with no intercellular hyphae and vescicule; 2. the fungal zones were mainly between the third and fourth cortical cell layer; 3. the growth of Taiwania seedlings mycorrhizaed with S. nigra were significantly increased, while the uninoculated seedlings were severely stunted.

並列關鍵字

Taiwania cryptomeriodes ； Endomycorrhizae ； Scanning electron microscopy ； Scutellospora nigra