玫瑰桉葉精油含量及化學成分研究

Yield and Chemical Components of Essential Oils in Eucalyptus grandis Leaves

謝瑞忠(Jui-Chung Shieh)

《林業試驗所研究報告季刊》 10卷1期 (1995/03) Pp. 75-82

https://doi.org/10.7075/BTFRI.199503.0075

摘要

本研究係探尋不同季節及不同蒸餾時間之玫瑰桉(Eucalyptus grandis (Hill) Maiden)葉部精油含量及其化學成分之變化，精油含量係使用水蒸氣蒸餾法測定，化學成分係採用氣相層析儀(GC)之滯留時間(retention time)及氣相層析一質譜儀(GC-MS)之質譜圖鑑定。
精油含量在不同季節中夏季(2.38%(v/w))最高，次為春季(1.94%(v/w))，再次為冬季(1.74%(v/w))，最低者為秋季(0.91%(v/w))。在不同蒸餾時間之含精油量差異，含油量隨時間而增加，但蒸餾6小時以後含量增加不多。
使用GC及GC-MS鑑定出玫瑰桉葉精油有22個成分，主要成分為1,8-cineole，α-pinene，β-phellandrene，ρ-cymene及α-terpineol等，其他尚有17個少量成分。在不同季節之成分含量，春季及夏季主要成分為α-pinene，其含量依序為52.05及28.22%，秋冬主要成分為1，8-cineol，其含量分別為38.6及54.83%，顯然隨季節之不同所含主成分之含量有差別。在不同蒸餾時間（2、4、6及8小時）主成分均為α-pinene，隨蒸餾時間增長，各精油成分含量有差異，但變化不大。

關鍵字

玫瑰桉 ； 精油 ； 含油量 ； 化學成分

並列摘要

The purpose of the study were to determine the variation in yields and components of essential oil arose from seasonal variation, and different distillation times, in the leaves of Eucalyptus grandis. Essential oils were obtained by stem distillation. Components of the essential oils were analyzed and identified by means of the retention time (Rt) of gas chromatograph (GC) and gas chromtograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
For season variation in the yields of essential oils of Eucalyptus grandis leaves, the highest yield was observed in Aummer (2.38% v/w), followed by Spring (1.94% v/w), and Winter (1.74% v/w), and the lowest yield was in Autum (0.91% v/w). Yields of essential oils obtained from Eucalyptus grandis leaves being distilled for 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours were 1.30, 1.94, 2.38 and 2.44% v/w, respectively. The yield of essential oil increased with increasing distillation time and showed no significant differences after 6 hours of distillation.
Twenty two components (Table 3) were identified in the essential oil of Eucalyp-tus grandis leaves. The main components were 1,8-cineole, α-pinene, β-phellandrene, ρ-cymene and β-terpineol. The major components of Eucalyptus grandis leaves at different seasons was α-pinene in Spring (52.05%) and Summer (28.22%), and 1, 8-cineole in Autum (38.62%), and Winter (54.83%). The essential oil gave varying major component content at different season. At different distillation periods, the major component was α-pinene. There were little difference in contents of each component with respect to distillation time.

並列關鍵字

Eucalyptus grandis ； essential oil ； oil content ； chemical component