We report a rare case of fulminant postoperative wound infection caused by Aeromonas hydrophila after surgery for lumbar burst fracture. A 19-year-old female with intravenous drug abuse sustained L2, L3 closed burst fracture. Early posterior spinal instrumentation and posterior fusion were performed due to progressive neurologic deterioration and kyphotic deformity. Postoperative fulminant pyogenic wound infection with presentation of back wound pain and purulent discharge was found on the postoperative 4th day. Wound culture revealed Aeromonas hydrophila with multiple-antibiotic resistance. Postoperative wound infection in spine surgery caused by Aeromonas hydrophila have rarely been reported in the English Literature. Appropriate management requires early aggressive debridement and sensitive antibiotic therapy.