初次診斷患非胰島素依賴型糖尿病老年人味覺敏銳度變化之探討

Altered Taste Sensation in Newly-Diagnosed NIDDM Elderly Subjects

張毓芬(Yu-Feng Chang) ； 區少梅(Andi Shau-Mei Ou)

《中華民國營養學會雜誌》 25卷2期 (2000/06) Pp. 115-123

https://doi.org/10.6691/JCNS.200006_25(2).0006

摘要

為瞭解初次診斷未治療的非胰島素依賴型糖尿病(NIDDM)老年患者整體的味覺變化，以50位初次診斷患有葡萄糖耐量異常(IGT)或NIDDM的老年人、50位初次診斷且已併發高血壓的NIDDM老年人、及138位健康老年人為受試對象，測試其對低濃度甜味(蔗糖、糖精)、鹹味(氯化鈉、氯化鉀)、酸味(檸檬酸)、及苦味(咖啡因)物質水溶液的味覺識別閾值，以及對含六種不同超閾值濃度氯化鈉之番茄汁的鹹味識別與喜好程度。結果顯示，兩組NIDDM 老年人對蔗糖的甜味平均識別閾值均顯著高於健康對照組，而有高血壓併發症的NIDDM老年人對氯化鈉及氯化鉀的鹹味平均識別閾值則顯著高於其他兩組。然而三組間對糖精的甜味、檸檬酸的酸味及咖啡因的苦味平均識別閾值、以及對超閾值濃度之氯化鈉的鹹味識別與喜好程度則無顯著差異。由此可知，NIDDM 老年患者味覺異常的現象以對蔗糖之甜味最為顯著，若同時有高血壓的合併症則對低濃度的鹹味敏銳度也會下降。這些味覺遲鈍的變化或許可解釋多數未治療及血糖控制不好的NIDDM 老年人渴望吃精製糖類的現象，而此渴望會造成更多的甜食攝取進而使血糖調節更加惡化。

關鍵字

非胰島素依賴型糖尿病 ； 老年人 ； 味覺敏銳度 ； 識別閾值 ； 超閾值

並列摘要

To elucidate taste sensation in newly diagnosed non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) elderly patients, taste recognition thresholds for sweet (sucrose, saccharin), salty (NaCl, KCl), sour (citric acid), and bitter (caffeine) tastants in aqueous solution and suprathreshold perception and preference for six NaCl concentrations in tomato juice were evaluated in 50 newly diagnosed impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or NIDDM elderly patients (IGTDME group), 50 newly diagnosed NIDDM with hypertension complication elderly patients (HTDME group) and 138 healthy controls (HE group). The mean sweet taste recognition thresholds for sucrose in creased significantly in the two NIDDM groups compared with the control group. Significantly elevated mean salty taste recognition thresholds for NaCl were found in the HTDME group as compared to the other two study groups. However, no group differences were found in mean recognition thresholds for saccharin, citric acid and caffeine or in suprathreshold salt taste perception levels of and pleasantness. These findings suggest that in NIDDM elderly patients, the sweet taste from sucrose was the most vulnerable taste function. Moreover, defects in salt taste at threshold levels also existed in patients with hypertension complications. This taste abnormality may lead to a morbid choice of nutrients and thereby exacerbate hyperglycemia in NIDDM elderly people.

並列關鍵字

NIDDM ； elderly ； taste sensation ； recognition threshold ； suprathreshold