北台灣社區與機構中老人的營養狀況及其預測因子

Nutritional Status Assessment and Predictors of Community-dwelling and Institutionalized Elderly in Northern Taiwan

戰臨茜(Lin-Chien Chan) ； 高森永(Senyeong Kao) ； 金惠民(Huei-Min L. Chin) ； 李美璇(Meei-Shyuan Lee)

《中華民國營養學會雜誌》 27卷3期 (2002/09) Pp. 147-158

https://doi.org/10.6691/JCNS.200209_27(3).0004

摘要

本研究目的為暸解北台灣社區及機構中老人的營養狀況及其預測因子。對象為六十五歲以上、意識清楚、由口進食的老人。社區老人來自北部七縣市之十二個鄉鎮市區(n=525人)；機構老人來自台北縣市之安養院及護理之家(n=276人)。面訪收集資料，包括：迷你營養評估量表(The Mini Nutritional Assessment, MNA)、人口學變項及慢性病史。與社區相比，機構老人年齡較大，外省藉、識字者及無偶者比例較高，慢性病數較多；社區老人的MNA總分高；營養狀況良好者在社區與機構分別佔54％、25％，上述均達顯著差異。機構中，營養狀況依序為公、私立安養院優於未立案安養院及護理之家。不論社區或機構，女性、閩南人、不識字者MNA總分顯著較低。多變項分析在控制人口學變頂後顯示慢性病數愈多，營養狀況愈差；社區老人之營養狀況顯著優於機構老人。未立案安養院及護理之家的老人營養不良的相對危險性為社區老人的44倍及31倍。建議應適時評估老人的營養狀況並定期監測、追蹤、改善；機構老人需要更多的營養支持與照護。

關鍵字

社區老人 ； 機構老人 ； 營養狀況 ； 迷你營養評估量表

並列摘要

We assessed the nutritional status of community-dwelling and institutionalized elderly in northern Taiwan. Predictors of the nutritional status of elderly were evaluated as well. Study subjects were aged over 65 years, had a clear consciousness, and could take food orally. Overall 525 community-dwelling elderly of seven northern cities and 276 institutionalized elderly of Taipei City and Taipei County completed a face-to face interview. We collected subjects’, nutritional status by the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA, range: 130), demographic characteristics and history of chronic diseases. Compared to the community-dwelling elderly, institutionalized subjects were older, and more were of mainland Chinese origin, were unmarried, and had higher literacy rates. The community-dwelling elderly had significantly higher MNA scores than did institutionalized residents. Of community-dwelling and institutionalized elder, 54% and 25%, respectively, were considered to be well nourished. Residents of official and private institutions had significantly higher MNA scores than did residents of unlicensed institutions and nursing homes. Elderly who were females, Taiwanese, or illiterate had significantly lower MNA scores. After controlling for demographic variables, those with more types of chronic diseases had a worse nutritional status; the community-dwelling elderly had a significantly better nutritional status than did the institutionalized elderly. Compared to the community-dwelling elderly, the risk of 00ing malnourished by residents of unlicensed institutions and nursing homes was 43 and 30 times greater, respectively. The results suggest the need for regular nutritional assessment and nutrition services for the elderly to improve nutritional status of the elderly, especially for those who are institutionalized.

並列關鍵字

community-dwelling elderly ； institutionalized elderly ； nutritional status ； Mini Nutritional Assessment ； MNA