綠島發展生態觀光之規畫

The Planning of Eco-Tourism Development in Green Island

宋秉明(Bin-Min Sung)

《戶外遊憩研究》 9卷4期 (1996/12) Pp. 31-40

https://doi.org/10.6130/JORS.1996.9(4)3

摘要

鑑於經濟迅速發展後隨之而來的強勢觀光需求及游憩活動可能造成環境的鉅大衝擊及資源耗竭，於是生態觀光的觀念及作法在世界各地逐漸推展，臺灣亦然。本文首先從產官學三界說明臺灣地區生態觀光發展的情形，大致上仍屬萌芽階段。近年來，太平洋經濟合作理事會(PECC)倡導生態觀光的觀念，目的在引導亞太地區觀光發展與環境生態之相融合且創造經濟利益，此會於1991年開始展開生態觀光的推動計劃。首先是第一階段的選址作業，總共有來自10個國家共49處地點提出申請，其性質可分爲四類，即：自然資源、有形文化資產、無形文化資產及城鎮景觀等。經評定後，選出3處爲進一步規劃的地點。綠島即爲其中之一屬鈴自然資源類。1995年進行第二階段作業，包括實地調查，提出發展建議。作業小組由中日專家組成，初步建議分別已於1995年9月在北京向PECC及同年10月在日本金澤市向APEC的觀光小組報告。在此報告中，建議綠島可朝向生態度假島(An Eco-Resort Island)的方向發展，並提出五項策略即生態開發(Eco-Developmant)、生態經營(Eco-Management)、環境解說及教育(Environmental Interpretation & Education)、生態資訊(Eco-Information)及生態網路(Eco-Networking)等爲規劃架構及具體的思考方向。“點－區域－國家－國際”的概念亦被提出做爲結合及拓展區外環境的通路。本文除了以綠島的例子描述台灣的生態觀光的發展在國際上的角色之外，更欲引各界廣泛探討生態觀光的規劃內涵。

關鍵字

生態觀光 ； 生態觀光規劃

並列摘要

It could be that eco-tourism is the only way to resolve the conflict between tourism development and environmental conservation. Recognizing the increasing demand for eco-tourism destinations, the Japan National Committee of Pacific Economic Cooperation Council (PECC) proposed a project to develop new destinations by way of conserving indigenous resources. The original case study was adopted at the PECC Triple-T Bali Project Conference in 1991. A survey was conducted during Phase 1 of the project. It included 49 destinations in 10 countries, with the destinations being divided into four categories: nature resource, tangible cultural property, intangible cultural property, and townscape. One of the three destinations chosen was Green Island, which was selected from the nature resource category as an example of how to develop the concept of eco-tourism, Phase 2 of the project was implemented in 1995 with two objectives in mind: to identify requirements for the development of ecotourism, including concept, methods, processes, education, and training; and to propose recommendations for implementation of the concept of eco-tourism, The results of Phase 2 of the project were reported to PECC and Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) in September and October of 1995. ”An eco-resort island” was proposed as the future development goal in this case.. Five strategies were suggested: (1) Ecodevelopment--developing the island based on sustainable methods and conservation principles; (2) Eco-management--focusing on the preservation of bio-diversity and habitats; (3) Environmental Interpretation and Education--providing various interpretative activities and educational programs as software to develop eco-tourism; (4) Eco-information--establishing information systems as basic resources to develop eco-tourism; (5) Eco-networking--establishing a network to link islanders, visitors and resource managers. The concept of point-region-country-international to emphasize comprehensive development also was proposed.

並列關鍵字

Eco-tourism ； eco-tourism planning