論《朱程問答》的編纂、影響與考訂作用

A Study of the Compilation, Influence, and Documentary Value of the Questions and Answers between Zhu Xi and Cheng Xun

史甄陶(Chen-Tao Shih)

《臺大中文學報》 50期 (2015/10) Pp. 41-43+45-75

https://doi.org/10.6281/NTUCL.2015.09.50.02

摘要

《朱程問答》是朱熹與程洵往來的書信集，其中保存朱熹寫給程洵的信件，以及程洵的回信。為了要瞭解這部著作的價值何在，本文分為三部分討論。首先探討的是此書的編纂背景。此書在明代由程氏家族的養子程資編輯，並且出資刊刻，其中最特殊的資料是家族中保存的先世遺墨，這批資料之所以受到重視，與程氏家族在明代刻意標榜以朱子學為家學有關。其次，此書為明代程曈纂寫《新安學繫錄》中的程洵傳記，提供第一手的資料，並且，清代夏炘也利用此書中所保存的信件，提出朱學三變之說。兩人都是為著建構徽州地區的朱子學傳承歷史而作。然而他們對於資料的使用，仍有值得商榷之處。第三，由於此書中，收錄朱熹的佚文以及程洵的書信，因此能夠提供更完整的線索，考訂兩人論學書信的編年問題，說明朱熹與林用中及葉仁的交往過程，以及朱熹早年對於《正蒙》和〈西銘〉的觀點，進而對照出朱熹和程洵在思想上的差異。

關鍵字

程洵 ； 朱熹 ； 朱程問答 ； 程資

並列摘要

The Questions and Answers between Zhu Xi and Cheng Xun records the personal correspondence between Zhu Xi and Cheng Xun, including the letters Zhu Xi wrote to Cheng Xun and Cheng Xun's replies. In trying to fully understand the value of this collection, this article is divided into three sections. First investigated is the background to the compilation of this collection. It was compiled and funded during the Ming dynasty by Cheng Zi, an adopted child of the Cheng family. One of the most interesting types of documents in this collection is the ancestors' manuscripts preserved within the family. These documents were highly valued because the Cheng family in the Ming dynasty put a lot of emphasis on Zhu Xi's studies as their family teachings. Second, the collection provided firsthand information for Cheng Tong's compilation of Cheng Xun's biography in The Intellectual Lineage of Xin'an in the Ming dynasty. Also, Qing scholar Xia Xin used the correspondence preserved in the collection to support his observation of three changes in Zhu Xi's theories. Both scholars made an effort to construct the heritage of Zhu Xi's studies in the Huizhou area, but how they used the documents has problems. Third, since the collection includes Zhu Xi's lost works and Cheng Xun's letters, it provides historical evidence for reconstructing the chronology of these scholarly communications. It validates Zhu Xi's association with Lin Yong-Zhong and Ye Ren, verifies Zhu Xi's earlier views on Zhang Zai's Rectifying the Ignorant and The Western Inscription, and reflects the ideological differences between Zhu Xi and Cheng Xun.

並列關鍵字

Cheng Xun ； Zhu Xi ； Questions and Answers between Zhu Xi and Cheng Xun ； Cheng Zi