以元劇為方法：再論《牡丹亭》之經典性

Taking Yuan Drama as a Method: Re-examining the Classicality of The Peony Pavilion

汪詩珮(Wang, Shih-Pe)

《臺大中文學報》 61期 (2018/06) Pp. 191-238

https://doi.org/10.6281/NTUCL.201806_(61).0005

摘要

明清曲家常將《牡丹亭》與《西廂記》並列。以《西廂》對照《牡丹》的喻象，正在於《西廂》本身所代表的「元劇地位」與「北曲傳統」。因之，《牡丹亭》顯然被視為新時代、傳奇體製的「新經典」。元曲被明人奉為書寫圭臬與曲體典範，故於明清文人心中，越能描摹、接近於元劇形神的作品，必具相當高度。《牡丹》之於《西廂》的連結，實隱喻明清文人以北曲、元劇之眼光，對《牡丹亭》進行批評與接受。本文將結合「作者」與「批評者」之文字，觀察明清曲家如何透視湯顯祖鎔鑄元劇特色於書寫之技、藝，對《牡丹亭》得為明傳奇之經典，提出另一新視角。

關鍵字

經典 ； 西廂記 ； 明傳奇 ； 牡丹亭 ； 湯顯祖

並列摘要

Ming-Qing qü writers usually compared The Peony Pavilion with The Story of the Western Wing (hereafter The Western Wing) at the same level as the masterpieces. This comparison matters because The Western Wing represents the best Yuan play and inherits from the northern qü tradition. It symbolizes that The Peony Pavilion was viewed as the ＂new classic＂ of chuanqi plays in the new era of Ming dynasty. In the eyes of Ming-Qing literati, Yuan qü was treated as the model of playwriting and thus considered having the highest status in comparison with other dramatic styles, so the closer to Yuan qü's shape and spirit, the closer to the height of the classics. The connection between The Peony Pavilion and The West Wing implies that the Ming-Qing literati provided their opinions and understanding of the two plays from the angle of the Yuan drama and the northern qü. This article will combine the playwright's text with some critics' opinions in order to observe how Tang Xianzu's contemporaries regarded his writing strategy as a way of absorption and transformation from the Yuan drama, and thus provide an alternative view to interpret The Peony Pavilion as a classic of Ming drama.

並列關鍵字

Classics ； The Story of the Western Wing ； Ming chuanqi ； The Peony Pavilion ； Tang Xianzu

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