超越普遍主義與相對主義人權觀有關辯論的省思

Beyond the Dichotomy of Human Right Universalism and Cultural Relativism

石之瑜(Chih-Yu Shih) ； 周嘉辰(Chia-Chen Chou)

《中國大陸研究》 44卷11期 (2001/11) Pp. 1-14

https://doi.org/10.30389/MCS.200111_44(11).0001

摘要

二十世紀末期所召開對亞洲價值有關的辯論甚多，其中研討會的成果在新近發表的有三本，對這個課題有十分新穎而廣泛的探討，值得國內學界重視。我們所評論的諸多立場，似乎都同意普遍主義是特殊歷史脈絡的產物，而相對主義之中則隱藏了一種普遍主義的邏輯。簡言之，這個二元對立是錯誤的，因為普遍主義與相對主義都不是事實，也都非關乎道德，更都不是人類的天性。個人的存在必須經由責任感的培養來獲得肯認。只有在個人可以知道除了自身所處的價值體系之外，尚有其他正當的選項，這種責任感才是有意義的。在此意義之下，所謂權利，就是持續不斷地變動、混和、揭露與創造各種位置與認同的可能性。政治壓迫在道德上是錯的原因在於，它否定了不同形式的存在意義，關閉了可能性，斷定了不可決定的流動需要，使蘊含著解放與人道的機緣都遭到封鎖。

關鍵字

普遍主義 ； 相對主義 ； 亞洲價值 ； 人權 ； 後現代

並列摘要

All the work under review seems to agree that universalism is a product of relative history and relativism hosts a universalistic logic within the said communitarian boundaries. In short, the dichotomy is false. It should be clear that neither universalism nor relativism is a fact, nor are they about morality, nor can they justify themselves as human nature. Therefore, individuals must be recognized through self-responsibility in moving in and out of relative value systems. This responsibility is viable only if it is possible for individuals to be aware of the legitimate alternatives to their value systems. Right, in this sense, are rights to constantly shifting, combining, opening, and creating positions and identities. Political oppression is wrong because it denies alternative forms of existence, closes possibilities and arbitrates the undecidable, which harbor opportunities for emancipation and humanity.

並列關鍵字

universalism ； relativism ； Asian Value ； human rights ； post-modernism

參考文獻

(2001).Negotiating Culture and Human Rights.New York:Columbia University Press.

(2000).Human Rights and Asian Values: Contesting National Identities and Cultural Representations in Asia.Richmond, Surrey:Curzon.

Barnhart, Michael G.(2001).Negotiating Culture and Human Rights.New York:Columbia University Press.

Bell, Daniel(2000).When the East Meets the West.Princeton:Princeton University Press.

Bell, Daniel A.(2000).When the East Meets the West.Princeton:Princeton University Press.