第三勢力與傘兵：比較台港佔領運動後的選舉參與

The Third Force and Umbrella Soldiers: Comparing the Elections of Taiwan after the Sunflower Movement and Hong Kong after the Umbrella Movement

何明修(Ming-Sho Ho)

《中國大陸研究》 60卷1期 (2017/03) Pp. 59-86

https://doi.org/10.30389/MCS.201703_60(1).0004

摘要

本文考察台灣的太陽花運動與香港的雨傘運動後的五場選舉。佔領是激進的體制外抗爭，但即便如此，在運動結束之後，台港都出現了新一波的參選風潮，儘管他們很少有人勝選。台灣的「第三勢力」與主要反對黨的關係較為友善，合作大於競爭；相對於此，香港「傘兵」與既有的反對黨陷入了競爭、甚至是衝突的態勢。本研究發現，認同政治在兩場運動後都獲得強化，卻有相異的後果。在台灣，「天然獨」認同的浮現，拉近了「第三勢力」與民進黨的距離；香港的本土派則是與反對黨的領袖陷入緊張關係。其次，台灣的反對黨較有資源，能夠吸納新興的政治勢力，香港分裂的反對陣營則陷入與新興勢力相競爭的狀態。

關鍵字

太陽花運動 ； 雨傘運動 ； 選舉 ； 政黨

並列摘要

This article reviews five elections in Taiwan and Hong Kong in the wake of the Sunflower Movement and the Umbrella Movement. Occupying public spaces is a radical extra-institutional protest; however, after the conclusion of these two movements, both Taiwan and Hong Kong witnessed the wave of electoral participation. Taiwan's ＂third forces＂ were more friendly toward the principal opposition party, whereas Hong Kong's ＂umbrella soldiers＂ emerged as a competitor to the existing pan-democrats. This article argues that the diverse patterns of cooperation and conflict can be explained by identity politics and the strength of opposition parties. The surge in pro-independence opinion had narrowed the distance between the ＂third force＂ and the Democratic Progressive Party, while Hong Kong's localists posed a threat to the pan-democrat leaders who continued to embrace a Chinese identity. Moreover, Taiwan's stronger and more resourceful opposition party was more capable of cooperating and co-opting the new political forces, whereas Hong Kong's fragmented and weak opposition parties had to compete with the them.

並列關鍵字

Sunflower Movement ； Umbrella Movement ； Political Parties ； Election

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