老年人的姿勢控制～文獻回顧

Postural Control of the Elderly: A Review

楊琇惠(Shu-Huey Yang)

《中華民國物理治療學會雜誌》 16卷2期 (1991/09) Pp. 111-116

https://doi.org/10.29616/JPTAROC.199109.0002

摘要

本文乃根據最近幾年的文獻，討論老年人姿勢控制(postural control)的特性與老化對姿勢控制相關之感覺及還動功能的影響。其中的描述包括靜站(quiet standing)及受干擾(disturbance)後的姿勢反應(postural response)，主動活動(voluntary morement)前的姿勢反射(postural reflex)與感覺系統對平衡的貢獻；由於是根據近來學者對姿勢控制所提供的系統模式(systematic model)，將姿勢控制依運動及感覺各分若干層面來討論，其中的觀點有助於物理治療時平衡的評估與訓練之考量；同時也因接受物理治療的老年病患比例日增，故了解老年人姿勢控制的變化可使我們更有效的治療這些老年患者，並且能將此一因子列入設定治療目標時之考慮，以期避免老年人常見的意外－跌倒發生。

關鍵字

老化 ； 姿勢控制

並列摘要

According to the functional component of postural control based on systems model, there are some age-related changes of postural response in the elderly: (1) a temporal reversal of proximal and distal postural muscles response and increased cocontroction of antagonist muscle when posture is disturbed (2) a increases in the onset latencies of posture response (3) larger amplitudes of body sway during quiet stance and there is a breakdown in the correlation of the amplitude of responses within a posture response synergy (4) some impairement in balance control under conditions of reduced or conflicting sensory information. The elderly are prone to many different types of degenerative processes which can compriomise postural control in many different ways. Rehabilitation aimed at identified abnormalities in specific functional components may help the elderly to identify potentially dangerous situation and prevent falling-the most common accident in the elderly.

並列關鍵字

Aging ； Postural control