神經肌肉系統之老化與其因應之物理治療

神經肌肉系統的老化，包括形態與生理兩方面。腦部形態上的變化，如：神經細胞、樹狀突與突觸數目的減少、脂質的沈澱、腦血流量與神經傳導物質分泌量的降低，都會造成腦組織生理功能的改變，例如：感覺遲鈍、協調力、反應力與記憶力變差等。在周圍神經系統則有髓鞘脫失及神經纖維減少的情形，以致於神經傳導速率減低、反應時間拉長。而肌肉組織則因肌纖維橫截面積減小、快肌明顯萎縮及運動單位的數目減少等現象，造成肌力減弱、耐力變差、速度變慢。據許多研究指出：適當、規律的運動可延緩神經肌肉系統老化的過程，可知運動對老年人是非常的重要。但在教導老年人運動時，必須注意教導的技巧及運動形式的選擇，以提高學習的動機與效果。此外，因神經肌肉系統的退化，常使老人容易發生意外性的跌倒，導致老人害怕再跌倒、不敢單獨行動，逐漸變得封閉、依賴他人。因此如何預防跌倒是很重要的。總之，老化是人生必經的階段，藉著物理治療的方法來延緩老化、預防跌倒，使老年人擁有健康的老年生活，是物理治療師共同努力的目標。

關鍵字

神經肌肉系統；老化；物理治療

並列摘要

The biological changes associated with aging in neuromuscular system comprise morphological and physiological changes. The morphological deficits of the aged in central nervous system are a combination of loss of neurons dendrites and synapses; deposition of lipofuscion; decrease of cerebral blood flow; changes in neurotransmitter mechanisms. And all leads to the diminition of sensation、coordination and recentmemory. In the peripheral nerve system, demyelination and loss of nerve fibers delay the nerve conduction velocity and the reaction time. In addition, submitted to aging, there lessens the size of muscle cells、the number of motor units and type I muscle fibers. No doubt the muscle strength and endurance reduce. According to many papers, we find proper and regular exercises can delay the process of aging in neuromuscular system. While teaching the aged exercises, the skills of instructions and the selection of forms of exercises must carefully consider in order to stimulate the motivation of learning. Furthermore, the deterioration of neuromuscular system makes the elderly persons easy to fall. Consequently, they are afraid of falling down again and tend to depend on the family. In conclusion, how to delay the process of aging and prevent falls, then make the aged own a healthy life, is a challenge of physical therapist.

並列關鍵字

Neuromuscular system ； Aging ； Physical therapy

國際替代計量

神經肌肉系統之老化與其因應之物理治療

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