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Predictors and Scoring Systems for 3-Month Mortality in Critically Ill Cirrhotic Patients

重度肝硬化病患之三個月預後其預測因子及評分系統之評估

摘要


肝硬化病患一但病情惡化至住入加護病房者死亡率極高,肝臟移植是目前較有效的治療方法之一,不過這個治療方式受限於肝臟來源不易及這些病患通常無法承受換肝手術。因此,在這些病人一但住入加護病房時,若能評估其預後便顯得重要,本研究主要藉由預測因子以及評分系統來預測重度肝硬化病患之預後。 我們收集在2005年3月至2006年8月之間共126位因嚴重肝硬化住加護病房之病人,紀錄其第一天住入加護病房時相關的臨床及實驗數據,以及各項評分系統(包括Child-Turcotte-Pugh score, MELD, MELD-Na, MESO, APACHE Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, SOFA scores, 及RIFLE classification),以回溯性方法分析之。 住院中死亡率爲65.1%,三個月死亡率爲73.8%。統計分析發現加護病房第一天的動脈血pH值、有肝細胞癌、model for end-stage liver disease score plus sodium (MELD-Na)以及sequential organ failure assessment scores (SOFA)是預測三個月預後的獨立預測因子。其中MELD-Na具有最佳的鑑別力,我們可發現住進加護病房第一天時的MELD-Na低於28者,相較於MELD-Na高於28者,在三個月的死亡率中有較高的累計存活率;兩者達統計學上顯著差異(p值<0.001)。 在嚴重肝硬化的病患,因病情需要住入加護病房者,其短期預後極差。MELD-Na是一個簡易而且可以重覆使用及方便運用的評分系統,對臨床醫師、病患以及病患家屬可以提供一個準確預期預後的客觀數據。

關鍵字

肝硬化 加護病房 APACHE SOFA MELD

並列摘要


Critically ill cirrhotic patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) have high mortality rates. This study evaluates specific predictors and scoring systems for 3-month mortality in critically ill cirrhotic patients. One hundred twenty-six consecutive cirrhotic patients admitted to ICU during a 1.5-year period were enrolled in this study. Demographic data and clinical and laboratory variables on the first day of ICU admission were prospectively recorded for post hoc analysis. Overall hospital mortality rate was 65.1% and 3-month mortality rate was 73.8%. Multiple Cox logistic regression hazard analysis revealed that arterial pH value, hepatocellular carcinoma, model for end-stage liver disease score plus sodium (MELD-Na), and sequential organ failure assessment scores on the first day of ICU admission were independent risk factors for 3-month mortality. The MELD-Na score had the best discriminatory power, Youden index, and the highest overall correctness of prediction. Cumulative survival rates at 3-month follow-up following hospital discharge differed significantly (p<0.001) between patients with MELD-Na score ≤ 28 versus those with MELD-Na score > 28. The MELD-Na score, a simple, reproducible and easily applied evaluative tool with good prognostic value, provides families and physicians of cirrhotic patients with objective data needed for accurate clinical prognosis.

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