試論促使「將」「把」虛化的因素

The Motivations for the Grammaticalization of JIANG and BA

張麗麗(Li-Li Chang)

《臺大文史哲學報》 55期 (2001/11) Pp. 295-337

https://doi.org/10.6258/bcla.2001.55.09

摘要

目前大部分的學者同意，處置式標誌「將」「把」是在連動結構中從執持義動詞虛化而來的。但是虛化說的主張還不夠完整，特別是缺乏論證詳細說明，為何連動結構能夠發展為處置式。本文目的就在補這個缺漏。本文提出，「將」「把」的特殊演變過程，使其具備發展處置式的良好基礎。「將」是從率領義動詞逐漸演變為執持義動詞，這使得它的連動用法比例遠高於一般執持義動詞，也使得它的執持概念比較空泛。這兩項特徵都有利於「將」發展出豐富多樣的處置式用法，並帶領了「把」的發展。同時，本文推測，連動結構中賓語代詞「之」的消失，也對「將」「把」的虛化起推波助瀾之效。

關鍵字

處置式 ； 連動結構 ； 虛化／語法化

並列摘要

It is widely accepted that the disposal construction markers JIANG and BA are grammaticalized in serial verb construction (SVC). However, the motivations and the processes of grammaticalization are still unclear. This paper will attempt to clarify and exemplify the processes by proposing that JIANG's persistence of co-occurring with SVC, the semantic bleaching of JIANG from ”to lead” to ”to take”, and the decline of the pronoun ZHI in the SVC are three motivations for the grammaticalization.

並列關鍵字

disposal construction ； serial verb construction (SVC) ； grammaticalization