戴震哲學中的禮論

Doctrine of Li in Dai Zhen's Philosophy

林明照(Ming-Chao Lin)

《哲學與文化》 35卷10期 (2008/10) Pp. 153-170

https://doi.org/10.7065/MRPC.200810.0153

摘要

戴震禮學兼及禮制之考據及哲學層面之禮論，本文主要針對後者作出分析。在考據的脈絡中，戴震的禮制研究預設了禮的獨立客觀性；而哲學層面則將禮還原至血氣心知、人倫日用之完善及實現上，禮體現為理想的生活世界，銷解了禮的獨立性。戴震禮學思想在禮制考據及哲學解釋上於是出現了強調禮制客觀性，以及著眼於生活世界二者之不一致處。這不一致，一方面由於戴震欲避免禮如理學所言之「理」一般為懸隔之「如有一物」；另方面則反過來挑戰了戴震「由字以通其詞，由詞以通其道」這研究方法的有效性。其次，戴震被側重於理解為一個知識型或理智型的哲學家。然而，在論及如何掌握人倫日用之理，實現必然禮義之則的實踐基礎上，戴震實提出理性認識與情感感通相輔相成的實踐進路，而非純然理智或智識型的探索。因此，若集中由智識型態來理解戴震哲學的內涵，恐是可以再商榷的。

關鍵字

戴震 ； 禮 ； 血氣心知 ； 人倫日用 ； 生活世界

並列摘要

Dai Zhen's doctrine of li (rite/rituals/propriety) is composed of both the investigative and philosophical dimensions of the institution of li, while this article is to analyze the latter. In the investigative context, Dai Zhen's research on the institution of li assumed the independence and objectivity of li, while the philosophical dimension restored li to the perfection and realization of ”desire and reflection” as well as ”human relations in daily life, embodying li as the ideal life-world and deconstructing the independence of li. Therefore, the investigation and philosophical explanation of the institution of li in Dai Zhen's doctrine shows inconsistency: emphasizing the objectivity of the institution of li on the one hand and focusing on the life-world on the other hand. Besides, Dai Zhen is considered an intelligent or rational philosopher. And, in terms of the practical foundation of how to grasp the principle of ”human relations in daily life” and realize the necessary principle of li-yi, Dai Zhen proposed a practical approach whereby rational cognition and emotional empathy complement and facilitate one another, rather than a purely rational or intelligent inquiry. Therefore, understanding the immanence of Dai Zhen's philosophy in a merely intelligent way is something that needs to be reconsidered.

並列關鍵字

Dai Zhen ； Li ； Desire and reflection ； Human relations in daily life ； Life-world

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