風水宅法中禁忌的研究

A Study of Taboos in Feng-Shuei Practice of Home Building

漢寶德(Pao-Teh Han)

《國立台灣大學建築與城鄉研究學報》 3期 (1987/09) Pp. 5-55

https://doi.org/10.6154/JBP.1987.3.001

摘要

風水分葬法與宅法，風水之術可大分爲理論系統之推演與口訣式直斷吉凶的禁忌。本文之研究在於整理宅法中禁忌之部份，其目的有數：
一、了解風水在傳統居住建築中佔有的地位，風水的禁忌與住宅形式的社會條件之間互相影響的因素，並了解大歷史推演的關係。
二、找出那些重要的建築形態的象徵是受風水的觀念的影響而塑造的。
三、了解風水禁忌大致上包括的類別，與數量，了解禁忌之普遍性，及可能出現之矛盾。
研究的方法乃選取數本重要的陽宅風水著作，對其禁忌之圖文加以整理與解釋。這幾本書分別爲（一）、《重校正地理新書》（金張謙集註），（二）、《陽宅十書》（明萬曆王君榮集），（三）、《陽宅大全》（明萬簷周繼輯），四、《八宅明鏡》（清乾隆，作者不明）。以《陽宅十書》清宮刻本的圖說爲綱領，分外形、內形、環境等項，分別列表說明，經整理後，再加以解釋，附於表後，以供參考。
研究之結論爲下：一、宅法中的禁忌早於理論性的系統推演。二、禁忌會隨時代而改變，但也有相當持續性的禁忌，逐漸影響傳統住宅的形式。三、早期的風水禁忌比較重環境的吉凶，後期的則較重視建築的本身與四周，顯爲都市化的现象，四、南方的住宅形式特別反映風水禁忌的影響力，至於風水與其他影響力量之問的推演關係，及與城市街道模式的發展有無因果關係，並無明確的結論，僅可推測而之。

並列摘要

Feng-Shuei is traditionally divided into two parts The Method of Burynig, The Method of Home Building. In Practice, both methods can be further divided into systematic calculations and the use of taboos The purpose of this study is to analyze taboos in home building in order to learn the influence of Fengshuei practice as a factor of traditional house design , and the relationship between the taboos and the house form. A general review of historical development of the Fengshuei taboos is included in this study. Also, simple classification and documentation will help to understand the kinds and volume of taboos. How extensive the ue of them and whether there is any contradiction in practice
The method of study is to select several important Fengshuei classics which comprise sufficient material in taboos, and explain them when necessary, organize them in a systematic way
The preliminary findings arc: 1. The use of taboos in home building must be earlier than Fengshuei theory systems. 2. The taboos change in time, but some of them were continued in use and must have been a stong force in shaping traditional house form. 3. Early Fengshuei taboas were more related to natural environment, later taboos more related to building itself and its immediate surroundings. 4. Southern style house reflects stronger Fengshuei influence.