澎湖合院住宅形式及其空間結構轉化

Prototype and Transformation of Courtyard House in Penghu

王唯仁(Wei-Jen Wang)

《國立台灣大學建築與城鄉研究學報》 3期 (1987/09) Pp. 87-118

https://doi.org/10.6154/JBP.1987.3.003

摘要

近幾十年，隨著快速的社會變遷，澎湖的傳統合院住宅陸續被翻建。如果我們仔細觀察這些形式不同、新舊並存的民宅，會發現其間存在着一種形式的規律性。暗示着背後涵構力量的改變。
經由田野調查，本研究將這些不同時間出現住宅分成12種主要的類型，整理出型態的演化脈絡。這個演化基本上是一個合院瓦解的過程，也就是對外形、天井、廚房位置、軸線、對稱、祭祀空間位置等傳統合院特性的逐步放棄。
本研究透過分析各類型住宅在演化過程中，其形式與空間特性放棄或增加的先後，整理出形式背後涵構力量的消長關係。大體而言，影響變遷的最主要力量是對住宅形式與空間的價值觀之改變。在這個過程中，技術性、服務性的形式與空間特性最具變動性；與傳統風水、宗教、倫理等較深層的空間觀念有驅之特性則較具恆長性。
經由上述結果，本研究提出形式／涵構的觀念性模型，以及在一個變遷過程中模型動態的調整。

並列摘要

Following rapid social changes in the past several decades traditional Chinese courtyard houses in Pinghu have been rebuilt one after another. Looking closely at the various kinds of coexistence between old and new houses, we can establish some regularities in forms among these dwellings. This finding may imply a change of context behind the change of form. This study based on a long term field survey divides the above dewllings into 12 major types according to the different periods in which they emerged. This classification shows a trend of typological evolution, which basically is a degradation process of courtyard house: i.e., the gradual elimination of the following spatial features of traditional courtyard house; external form, courtyard, position of kitchen, axis, symmetry, and position of worship space. Through the analysis of this sequential abandoning of formal and spatial features in different types of dwellings in the process of evolution, this study sets up the causal linking between contextual and the resulting formal changes. Gradually, the change in the value of form and space is the major factor to influence the evolution. In this process the technical and the utilitarian characteristics of forms and space appeared unstable, while those characters related to deeper value system of form and space such as traditional geomency religion and ethics seem to have lasted longer Finally, this paper proposes a conceptual model of form/context relation and further discusses the adjustment of this model in the evolution process.