上海工業棕地文化創意導向空間修補之批判性檢視

Cultural Creativity-led Fix for Brownfield Land in Shanghai: A Critical Review

林文一(Wen-I Lin) ； 邱淑宜(Shu-Yi Chiu)

《都市與計劃》 43卷4期 (2016/12) Pp. 339-367

https://doi.org/10.6128/CP.43.4.339

摘要

近年創意城市概念及相關再生議程已全球風行，並被作為一種「修補」衰頹場所、工業城市轉型，並提升其文化形象及資本累積效率之重要工具。這樣的概念也被中國地方政府及規劃者所廣泛利用，但我們並未清楚的理解，此論述如何被轉譯於後社會主義的政體及制度中，並重新再生及治理工業棕地。特別在目前的文獻及經驗研究中，針對全球南方城市，我們普遍缺乏對於新自由主義影響下，文化創意導向都市再生及在地特殊社會、政治涵蓋間相互影響之理解。啟發自創意修補及空間修補概念，本文企圖針對上海工業棕地之文化創意導向空間修補提供一個批判性檢視，而非針對特定開發項目。我們的討論更聚焦於工業棕地創意再生之政策脈絡及治理轉型，這樣的轉型企圖在新的文化創意導向都市再生及地方政府、國企對於工業棕地的權益間取得妥協。此轉型並非僅是讓工業棕地重新進入市場化資本循環中，更重要是地方政府及國企可藉此解決其棕地再生的治理危機，建構由其主導之成長聯盟，強化對棕地轉型的控制。在國家政策鼓勵、棕地轉型規範放寬及地方政權及國有企業對地租獲利的長期依賴下，創意地產及園區變得過度供給，而產生園區本身的變質或失序。其不僅損及原本文化創意產業升級及相關社群吸引的政策初衷，更帶來新的治理危機。

關鍵字

創意修補 ； 空間修補 ； 工業棕地再生 ； 都市治理

並列摘要

Recently, the concept of creative city and related regeneration agenda for 'fixing' declining placeshas circulated globally, particularly for renewing the 'old' industrial cities. Although this concept has been similarly employed by Chinese local states and planners, we have little knowledge to conceptualize that how is such discoursetranslated in the post-socialist regime and institution for governing the brownfield lands.Particularly, there is a substantial gap in the literature on the empirical studies of cases of global south cities in relation to the interplay between the creativity-led regeneration of neoliberalist influence and specific socio-political context. Inspired by the concept of 'creativity-fix' and 'spatial-fix', this study performed a critical analysis] of creativity-led agenda of 'fixing' industrial brownfield sits in Shanghai. Rather than attending to diverse cases, our discussions focus on the post-socialist transformation of planning institution and governance that seeks to find a compromise between local states' and national enterprises' land ownership and related interests, and the new cultural creativity-led regeneration. We argue that, becausethis transformationrelates more about solving local state's and national enterprise's crisis of governing industrial lands, it reinforces the post-socialist regime's control of such landsrather than fitting the needs of new creative economy. Due to local states' or national enterprises' promotion of cultural and creative parks, dependence of property speculation, and deregulation of regenerating brownfield lands, such fixing trend causes the oversupply and alienation of creative parks. This cultural creativity-led fix for brownfield land not only contradicts with the policy rationale of promoting creative industries and creative talents, but also results in new crises of governance.

並列關鍵字

Creativity fix ； Spatial fix ； Industrial brownfield regeneration ； Urban governance

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